Surfactant-free synthesis and experimental analysis of Mn-doped ZnO–glycerol nanofluids: an ultrasonic and thermal study
Source abstract
Abstract
A simplistic and environment-friendly approach has been used to prepare surfactant-free Mn-doped ZnO–glycerol nanofluids using high power sonicator. Thermal conductivity of the prepared nanofluids has been measured as a function of temperature and concentration. Maximum thermal conductivity enhancement ~ 32% at 40 °C has been observed with very low nanoparticles loading (2.0 vol% of Mn-doped ZnO-nanoparticles) which is significantly larger than the presently synthesized ZnO–glycerol nanofluids, and that of reported earlier on ZnO-ethylene glycol, and other glycerol-based nanofluids. Our present investigation shows that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids can be increased up to a significant level by changing other physical properties of incorporated nanoparticles than increasing concentration of nanoparticles to a large extent. Various physical phenomena including Brownian motion induced convection effect in conjunction with ballistic diffusion have been proposed for anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement. This may be valuable for various cooling applications and may open avenues for further exploration of efficient heat management with the help of nanosized doped metal oxide suspensions.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer · Phase Change Materials Research · Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (58)
Show source-provided references
1. H. Babar, H.M. Ali, Towards hybrid nanofluids: preparation, thermophysical properties, applications, and challenges. J. Mol. Liq. 281, 598–633 (2019)10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.102 ↗
2. M.S. Abdel-wahed, Flow and heat transfer of a weak concentration micropolar-nanofluid over steady/unsteady-moving surface. Appl. Phys. A 123, 195 (2017)10.1007/s00339-017-0815-7 ↗
3. R.B. Ganvir, P.V. Walke, V.M. Kriplani, Heat transfer characteristics in nanofluids—a review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 75, 451–460 (2017)10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.010 ↗
4. R. Parashar, M. Wan, R.R. Yadav, A.C. Pandey, V. Parashar, Surfactant free synthesis of metal oxide (Co and Ni) nanoparticles and applications to heat propagation in nanofluids. Mater. Lett. 132, 440–443 (2014)10.1016/j.matlet.2014.06.126 ↗
5. M. Izadi, M.M. Shahmardan, M. Norouzi, A.M. Rashidi, A. Behzadmehr, Cooling performance of a nanofluid flow in a heat sink microchannel with axial conduction effect. Appl. Phys. A 117(4), 1821–1833 (2014)10.1007/s00339-014-8760-1 ↗
6. H. Jiang, Q. Xu, C. Huang, L. Shi, The role of interfacial nanolayer in the enhanced thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube-based nanofluids. Appl. Phys. A 118(1), 197–205 (2015)10.1007/s00339-014-8902-5 ↗
7. G. Xu, J. Fu, B. Dong, Y. Quan, G. Song, A novel method to measure thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 130, 978–988 (2019)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.014 ↗
8. R. Lenin, P.A. Joy, Role of base fluid on the thermal conductivity of oleic acid coated magnetite nanofluids. Colloids. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 529, 922–929 (2017)10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.084 ↗
9. A. Yasinskiy, J. Navas, T. Aguilar, R. Alcantara, J.J. Gallardo, A. Coronilla, E.L. Martín, D. Santos, C. Lorenzo, Dramatically enhanced thermal properties for TiO2-based nanofluids for being used as heat transfer fluids in concentrating solar power plants. Renew. Energy 119, 809–819 (2018)10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.057 ↗
10. P.B. Maheshwary, C.C. Handa, K.R. Nemade, A comprehensive study of effect of concentration, particle size and particle shape on thermal conductivity of titania/water based nanofluids. Appl. Therm. Eng. 119, 79–88 (2017)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.054 ↗
11. M.H. Ahmadi, A. Mirlohi, M.A. Nazari, R. Ghasempour, A review of thermal conductivity of various nanofluids. J. Mol. Liq. 265, 181–188 (2018)10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.124 ↗
12. H. Jiang, Q. Xu, C. Huang, L. Shi, Effect of temperature on the effective thermal conductivity of n-tetradecane-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Particuology 22, 95–99 (2015)10.1016/j.partic.2014.10.010 ↗
13. A. Alirezaie, M.H. Hajmohammad, M.R.H. Ahangar, M.H. Esfe, Price-performance evaluation of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids with different particle sizes. Appl. Therm. Eng. 128, 373–380 (2018)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.143 ↗
14. T.P. Teng, Y.H. Hung, T.C. Teng, H.E. Mo, H.G. Hsu, The effect of alumina/water nanofluid particle size on thermal conductivity. Appl. Therm. Eng. 30(14–15), 2213–2218 (2010)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.05.036 ↗
15. H.J. Kim, S.H. Lee, J.H. Lee, S.P. Jang, Effect of particle shape on suspension stability and thermal conductivities of water-based bohemite alumina nanofluids. Energy 90(2), 1290–1297 (2015)10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.084 ↗
16. J. Jeong, C. Li, Y. Kwon, J. Lee, S.H. Kim, R. Yun, Particle shape effect on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of ZnO nanofluids. Int. J. Refrig. 36(8), 2233–2241 (2013)10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.07.024 ↗
17. B. Buonomo, O. Manca, L. Marinelli, S. Nardini, Effect of temperature and sonication time on nanofluid thermal conductivity measurements by nano-flash method. Appl. Therm. Eng. 91, 181–190 (2015)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.077 ↗
18. A. Asadi, M. Asadi, M. Siahmargoi, T. Asadi, M.G. Andarati, The effect of surfactant and sonication time on the stability and thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluid containing Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles: an experimental investigation. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 108, 191–198 (2017)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.022 ↗
19. J. Hong, D. Kim, Effects of aggregation on the thermal conductivity of alumina/water nanofluids. Thermochim. Acta 542, 28–32 (2012)10.1016/j.tca.2011.12.019 ↗
20. H. Zerradi, S. Mizani, H. Loulijat, A. Dezairi, S. Ouaskit, Population balance equation model to predict the effects of aggregation kinetics on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. J. Mol. Liq. 218, 373–383 (2016)10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.064 ↗
21. C.Y. Tso, S.C. Fu, C.Y.H. Chao, A semi-analytical model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids and determination of the nanolayer thickness. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 70, 202–214 (2014)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.10.077 ↗
22. S.P. Jang, S.U.S. Choi, Effects of various parameters on nanofluid thermal conductivity. J. Heat Transf. 129(5), 617–623 (2007)10.1115/1.2712475 ↗
23. M. Cannio, C. Ponzoni, M.L. Gualtieri, E. Lugli, C. Leonelli, M. Romagnoli, Stabilization and thermal conductivity of aqueous magnetite nanofluid from continuous flows hydrothermal microwave synthesis. Mater. Lett. 173, 195–198 (2016)10.1016/j.matlet.2016.03.040 ↗
24. K.Y. Leong, I. Razali, K.Z.K. Ahmad, H.C. Ong, M.J. Ghazali, M.R.A. Rahman, Thermal conductivity of an ethylene glycol/water-based nanofluid with copper-titanium dioxide nanoparticles: an experimental approach. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 90, 23–28 (2018)10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.10.005 ↗
25. M. Sharifpur, N. Tshimanga, J.P. Meyer, O. Manca, Experimental investigation and model development for thermal conductivity of α-Al2O3-glycerol nanofluids. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Tranf. 85, 12–22 (2017)10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.04.001 ↗
26. H. Li, L. Wang, Y. He, Y. Hu, J. Zhu, B. Jiang, Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of ethylene glycol based ZnO nanofluids. Appl. Therm. Eng. 88, 363–368 (2015)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.071 ↗
27. O.A. Alawi, N.A.C. Sidik, H.W. Xian, T.H. Kean, S.N. Kazi, Thermal conductivity and viscosity models of metallic oxides nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 116, 1314–1325 (2018)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.133 ↗
28. D. Das, A.K. Datta, D.V. Kumbhakar, B. Ghosh, A. Pramanik, S. Gupta, Conditional optimisation of wet chemical synthesis for pioneered ZnO nanostructures. Nano Struct. Nano Obj. 9, 26–30 (2017)10.1016/j.nanoso.2016.12.002 ↗
29. P.M. Perillo, M.N. Atia, C-doped ZnO nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of p-aminobenzoic acid under sunlight. Nano Struct. Nano Objects 10, 125–130 (2017)10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.04.001 ↗
30. F.M. Li, G. Hsieh, S. Dalal, M.C. Newton, J.E. Stott, P. Hiralal, A. Nathan, P.A. Warburton, H.E. Unalan, P. Beecher, A.J. Flewitt, I. Robinson, G. Amaratunga, W.I. Milne, Zinc oxide nanostructures and high electron mobility nanocomposite thin film transistors. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 55(11), 3001–3011 (2008)10.1109/TED.2008.2005180 ↗
31. B. Munkhbayara, M.R. Tanshena, J. Jeouna, H. Chungb, H. Jeong, Surfactant-free dispersion of silver nanoparticles into MWCNT-aqueous nanofluids prepared by one-step technique and their thermal characteristics. Ceram. Int. 39(6), 6415–6425 (2013)10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.01.069 ↗
32. P.S. Epstein, R.R. Carhart, The absorption of sound in suspensions and emulsions. I. Waterfog in air. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25(3), 553–565 (1953)10.1121/1.1907107 ↗
33. K. Tanaka, K. Fukui, S. Murai, K. Fujita, Mechanical milling-induced room-temperature ferromagnetic phase in MnO2–ZnO system. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(5), 052501 (2006)10.1063/1.2234269 ↗
34. K.P. Bhatti, S. Chaudhary, D.K. Pandya, S.C. Kashyap, On the room-temperature ferromagnetism in (ZnO)0.98(MnO2)0.02. Solid State Commun. 136(7), 384–388 (2005)10.1016/j.ssc.2005.09.002 ↗
35. S.A. Ahmed, Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO samples. Results Phys. 7, 604–610 (2017)10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.018 ↗
36. P. Sharmaa, A. Guptab, F.J. Owensc, A. Inoued, K.V. Rao, Room temperature spintronic material—Mn-doped ZnO revisited. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 282(1), 115–121 (2004)10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.028 ↗
37. R.D. Shannon, Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst. A 32(6), 751–767 (1976)10.1107/S0567739476001551 ↗
38. B. Babić-Stojić, D. Milivojević, J. Blanuša, V. Spasojević, N. Bibić, B. Simonović, D. Arandelović, Ferromagnetic properties of the Zn–Mn–O system. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(23), 235217 (2008)10.1088/0953-8984/20/23/235217 ↗
39. B.H. Soni, M.P. Deshpande, S.V. Bhatt, S.H. Chaki, H. Kaheria, Study on antimicrobial activity of undoped and Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwave irradiation. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 3(6), 173–179 (2011)
40. P. Kumar, B.K. Singh, B.N. Pal, P.C. Pandey, Correlation between structural, optical and magnetic propertiesof Mn-doped ZnO. Appl. Phys. A 122, 740 (2016)10.1007/s00339-016-0265-7 ↗
41. A. Kalita, M.P.C. Kalita, Microstructural, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of Mn doped ZnO nanocrystals of different sizes. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 552(1), 30–46 (2019)10.1016/j.physb.2018.08.028 ↗
42. A.G. Ali, F.B. Dejene, H.C. Swart, Effect of Mn doping on the structural and optical properties of sol–gel derived ZnO nanoparticles. Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 10(2), 478–484 (2012)
43. K. Samanta, S. Dussan, R.S. Katiyar, P. Bhattacharya, Structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline Zn1−xMnxO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(3), 261903 (2007)10.1063/1.2751593 ↗
44. S.H. Kim, S.R. Choi, D. Kim, Thermal conductivity of metal-oxide nanofluids: particle size dependence and effect of laser irradiation. J. Heat Transf. 129, 298–307 (2007)10.1115/1.2427071 ↗
45. W. Yu, H. Xie, L. Chen, Y. Li, Investigation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of ethylene glycol based ZnO nanofluids. Thermochim. Acta 491(1–2), 92–96 (2009)10.1016/j.tca.2009.03.007 ↗
46. K.S. Suganthi, V.L. Vinodhan, K.S. Rajan, Heat transfer performance and transport properties of ZnO–ethylene glycol and ZnO–ethylene glycol–water nanofluid coolants. Appl. Energy 135, 548–559 (2014)10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.023 ↗
47. M. Kole, T.K. Dey, Effect of prolonged ultrasonication on the thermal conductivity of ZnO–ethylene glycol nanofluids. Thermochim. Acta 535, 58–65 (2012)10.1016/j.tca.2012.02.016 ↗
48. W.Chen, L. Zhang, Y. Du, B. Huang, Viscosity and diffusivity in melts: from unary to multicomponent systems. Philos. Mag. 94(14), 1552–1577 (2014)10.1080/14786435.2014.890755 ↗
49. D.H. Kumar, H.E. Patel, V.R. Kumar, T. Sundararajan, T. Pradeep, S.K. Das, Model for heat conduction in nanofluids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(14), 144301–144304 (2004)10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.144301 ↗
50. C. Wu, T.J. Cho, J. Xu, D. Lee, B. Yang, M.R. Zachariah, Effect of nanoparticle clustering on the effective thermal conductivity of concentrated silica colloids. Phys. Rev. E81(1), 011406 (2010)
51. D. Toghraie, V.A. Chaharsoghi, M. Afrand, Measurement of thermal conductivity of ZnO–TiO2/EG hybrid nanofluids. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 125(1), 527–535 (2016)10.1007/s10973-016-5436-4 ↗
52. S.U.S. Choi, Z.G. Zhang, W. Yu, F.E. Lockwood, E.A. Grulke, Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in nanotube suspensions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79(14), 2252–2254 (2001)10.1063/1.1408272 ↗
53. G. Chen, Ballistic-diffusive heat-conduction equations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(11), 2297–2300 (2001)10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2297 ↗
54. D.K. Pandey, D. Singh, R.R. Yadav, Ultrasonic wave propagation in III group nitrides. Appl. Acoust. 68(7), 766–777 (2007)10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.04.004 ↗
55. R.R. Yadav, D. Singh, Behaviour of ultrasonic attenuation in intermetallics. Intermetallics 9(3), 189–194 (2001)10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00089-3 ↗
56. D. Singh, D.K. Pandey, D.K. Singh, R.R. Yadav, Propagation of ultrasonic waves in neptunium monochalcogenides. Appl. Acoust. 72(10), 737–741 (2011)10.1016/j.apacoust.2011.04.002 ↗
57. C. Tripathy, D. Singh, R. Paikaray, Behaviour of elastic and ultrasonic properties of curium monopnictides. Can. J. Phys. 96(5), 513–518 (2018)10.1139/cjp-2017-0491 ↗
58. A.P. Nagvenkar, I. Perelshtein, A. Gedanken, Doping effect on the thermal conductivity of metal oxide nanofluids: insight and mechanistic investigation. J. Phys. Chem. C 121(47), 26551–26557 (2017)10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10020 ↗