Reliable data for high-temperature viscosity and surface tension: results from a European project

tension ^ temperature relationships for copper and nickel samples prepared by cold crucible melting to 3%, by the levitation and sessile drop methods, and values were also obtained for iron and gold in preliminary studies. For copper, …g = Nm �1) ˆ 1:304 � 0:289 10 �3 [(y � 1083)=8C]; for nickel, …g = Nm �1) ˆ 1:781 � 0:285 10 �3 [(y � 1455)=8C]. Comparison of terrestrial measurements with those made in microgravity have shown that the Cumming's equation is a reliable and satisfactory method of correcting the surface tensions derived with the levitated drop method for the effect of electromagnetic pressure. For measurements with an oscillating cylinder viscometer, recommended viscosity ^ temperature relationships are given for copper, nickel, and iron. For copper, log10(Z=mPa s † ˆ �0:2791 ‡ [1245:5=(T=K)]; for nickel, log10(Z=mPa s † ˆ�0:5038 ‡ [2029=(T=K)]; and for iron, log10(Z=mPa s † ˆ�0:6494 ‡ [2568=…T=K)]. 1