Characterization of spinel ferrite nano composites: from synthesis to applications

Abstract Nanocomposites (NCs) with integrated functionalities are promising candidates for advanced applications; however, combining materials with distinct structures and magnetic properties remains challenging. In the present work, CaFe₂O₄–CoFe₂O₄ NCs are synthesized using a simple sonication approach. The structural and morphological properties are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The coexistence of diffraction peaks from both phases confirms the successful formation of the nanohybrid. Magnetic measurements reveal a well-defined hysteresis loop, indicating strong exchange coupling between the two phases. Elastic analysis shows that the longitudinal wave velocity is approximately twice that of the transverse velocity, and the calculated Debye temperature (θ _D ) is in good agreement with reported values. Our results provide insight into the interplay between structure, elasticity, and magnetism in CaFe₂O₄–CoFe₂O₄ NCs. The obtained values of the energy gap along with the position of valence and conduction bands promote the creation and efficient separation of charges. The enhanced charge separation and interfacial charge transfer suggest that the synthesized NCs are appropriate for photocatalytic applications.