Evolution of reduction process from tungsten oxide to ultrafine tungsten powder via hydrogen
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Herein, the evolution of reduction process of ultrafine tungsten powder in industrial conditions was investigated. The transition process of morphology and composition was examined via SEM, XRD, and calcination experiments. The results show that the reduction sequence of WO 2.9 was WO 2.9 → WO 2.72 → WO 2 → W on the surface, but WO 2.9 → WO 2 → W inside the oxide particles. With the aid of chemical vapor transport of WO x (OH) y , surface morphology transformed into rod-like, star-shaped cracking, floret, irregularly fibrous structure, and finally, spherical tungsten particles.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced materials and composites · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute of Refractory Powder Products, Xiamen Golden Erget Special Alloy Company, Ltd. , Xiamen 361021 , People’s Republic of China
References (17)
Show source-provided references
1. Chen, C. L. and S. H. Ma. Effects of Ni/Co ratio and mechanical alloying on characteristics and sintering behavior of W–Ni–Co tungsten heavy alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 711, 2017, pp. 488–494.10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.037 ↗
2. Prabhu, G., A. Kumar, and T. K. Nandy. Effect of yttrium oxide dispersion on the microstructure and properties of tungsten heavy alloys. Defence Science Journal, Vol. 68, No. 4, 2018, pp. 406–411.10.14429/dsj.68.12255 ↗
3. Zhao, Q., Z. Zhang, M. Huang, X. Zhang, and X. Ouyang. Effects of H and He on the clustering behavior of transmutation elements in tungsten. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 470, 2020, pp. 48–55.10.1016/j.nimb.2020.03.005 ↗
4. Nguyen, B. N., C. H. Henager, N. R. Overman, and R. J. Kurtz. A multiscale microstructural approach to ductile-phase toughened tungsten for plasma-facing materials. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 508, 2018, pp. 371–384.10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.048 ↗
5. Paik, T., M. Cargnello, T. R. Gordon, S. Zhang, and C. B. Murray. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from sub-stoichiometric colloidal WO 3-x nanowires. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, 2018, pp. 1904–1910.10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00925 ↗
6. José, G., C. C. Verónica, B. Andreas, and K. Bartek. Cemented carbide microstructures: A review. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 80, 2018, pp. 40–68.10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.12.004 ↗
7. Raihanuzzaman, R. M., Z. Xie, S. J. Hong, and R. Ghomashchi. Powder refinement, consolidation and mechanical properties of cemented carbides – An overview. Powder Technology, Vol. 261, 2014, pp. 1–13.10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.024 ↗
8. Farag, S., I. Konyashin, and B. Ries. The influence of grain growth inhibitors on the microstructure and properties of submicron,ultrafineand nano-structured hardmetals – A review. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 26, 2018, pp. 1–41.10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.07.003 ↗
9. Bock, A. and B. Zeiler. Production and characterization of ultrafine WC powders. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 20, 2002, pp. 23–30.10.1016/S0263-4368(01)00067-1 ↗
10. Schubert, W. D. and E. Lassner. Production and characterization of hydrogen-reduced submicron tungsten powders. Part II: Controlled decomposition of APT and hydrogen reduction of the oxides. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 10, 1991, pp. 171–183.10.1016/0263-4368(91)90031-I ↗
11. Haboury, R., U. B. Pal, P. A. Zink, S. Gopalan, and S. N. Basu. Study of an energy storage and recovery concept based on the W/WO 3 redox reaction: Part I. Kinetic study and modeling of the WO 3 reduction process for energy storage. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, Vol. 43, 2012, pp. 1001–1010.10.1007/s11663-012-9656-0 ↗
12. Wilken, T. R., W. R. Morcom, C. A. Wert, and J. B. Woodhouse. Reduction of tungsten oxide to tungsten metal. Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 7, 1976, pp. 589–597.10.1007/BF02698592 ↗
13. Schubert, W. D. and E. Lassner. Production and characterization of hydrogen-reduced submicron tungsten powders – Part I: State of the art in research, production and characterization of raw materials and tungsten powders. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 10, 1991, pp. 133–141.10.1016/0263-4368(91)90017-I ↗
14. Donoso, A. E. and B. Peters. XDEM employed to predict reduction of tungsten oxide in a dry hydrogen atmosphere. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 49 2015, pp, 88–94.10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.08.012 ↗
15. Jie, D., K. Chou, X. Hu, and G. Zhang. Reduction kinetics of metal oxides by hydrogen. Steel Research International, Vol. 84, 2013, pp. 526–533.10.1002/srin.201200242 ↗
16. Liao, J., S. Chen, Z. Zou, H. Lu, and B. Huang. Influence of tungsten oxides’ characteristics on fineness, homogeneity and looseness of reduced ultrafine tungsten powder. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 17, 1999, pp. 423–429.10.1016/S0263-4368(99)00033-5 ↗
17. Venables, D. S. and M. E. Brown, Reduction of tungsten oxides with hydrogen and with hydrogen and carbon. Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 285, 1996, pp. 361–382.10.1016/0040-6031(96)02951-6 ↗