A new gateway to ecofriendly self-healing amorphous carbon tribofilms from ancient oils
Source abstract
Abstract
Ecologically friendly, vegetable-oil-based, self-generating, self-healing amorphous carbon (a-C) tribofilms were spontaneously formed on steel using no harmful additives. a-C films are desirable for manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace applications because they reduce energy costs and prevent component wear. Self-forming a-C films adhered onto steel during reactions of vegetable oils at elevated temperatures and pressures. For the first time, a chemical mechanism for tribofilm formation has been established. The initial step forms poly(triacylglyceride) on the steel surface. Next, a hydrogenated amorphous carbon network (a-C:H) forms. Then, the network dehydrogenates to form a-C. And eventually, it forms nanocrystalline graphite (ncG) just before the oil catastrophically fails. By understanding the complete reaction mechanism, it has been possible to create a-C tribofilms from vegetable oils without toxic additives and without involving mineral oils in the formulations, opening the prospect of greener lubricant technologies for the future. In addition, the vegetable oil formulations matched and often outperformed their mineral-oil-based counterparts.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Lubricants and Their Additives · Tribology and Wear Analysis · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. The impact of tribology on energy use and CO2 emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.024 ↗
2. History of Automotive Lubrication
3. A History of Lubricants10.1557/S0883769400055895 ↗
4. The History and Mechanisms of ZDDP10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044495.26882.b5 ↗
5. The development and lubrication of the automotive hypoid gear
6. Champy · Lubricants · 1935 · 784803
7. Self-organization at the frictional interface for green tribology10.1098/rsta.2010.0179 ↗
8. In vitro neurotoxic hazard characterization of different tricresyl phosphate (TCP) isomers and mixtures10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.001 ↗
9. In-Situ Formation of MoS2 and WS2 Tribofilms by the Synergy Between Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Sulphur-Containing Oil Additives10.1007/s11249-020-1286-0 ↗
10. 30 years of cosmic fullerenes
11. Graphene prehistory10.1088/0031-8949/2012/T146/014003 ↗
12. Modern Concepts on Diamond Genesis10.1134/S0016702921110033 ↗
13. A possible mechanism for natural graphite formation10.1016/0166-5162(82)90018-0 ↗
14. In situ Raman spectroscopy on kerogen at high temperatures and high pressures10.1007/s00269-010-0360-9 ↗
15. Organic signatures in Pleistocene cherts from Lake Magadi (Kenya) – implications for early Earth hydrothermal deposits10.5194/bg-16-2443-2019 ↗
16. Raman spectroscopy of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond–like carbon, and nanodiamond10.1098/rsta.2004.1452 ↗
17. In-situ thermal stability analysis of amorphous carbon films with different sp3 content10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.034 ↗
18. Novel spatially coordinated in-situ Raman and nanoscale wear analysis of FCVA-deposited DLC film10.1063/1.5107474 ↗
19. Long-term evolution of the global carbon cycle: historic minimum of global surface temperature at presen10.3402/tellusb.v54i4.16669 ↗
20. Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts10.1126/science.1258788 ↗
21. Diamond formation from glassy carbon under high pressure and temperature conditions10.1007/BF00540400 ↗
22. Kerogen Swelling and Confinement: Its implication on Fluid Thermodynamic Properties in Shales10.1038/s41598-017-12982-4 ↗
23. Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils10.1038/nature18948 ↗
24. Interplay of mechanics and chemistry governs wear of diamond-like carbon coatings interacting with ZDDP-additivated lubricants10.1038/s41467-021-24766-6 ↗
25. Operando tribochemical formation of onion-like-carbon leads to macroscale superlubricity10.1038/s41467-018-03549-6 ↗
26. Formation and Nature of Carbon-Containing Tribofilms10.1021/acsami.8b22496 ↗
27. Direct Formation of Lubricious and Wear-Protective Carbon Films from Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Free Oil-Soluble Additives10.1007/s11249-017-0945-2 ↗
28. In-situ tribochemical formation of self-lubricating diamond-like carbon films10.1016/j.carbon.2018.06.006 ↗
29. How to get noWear? – A new take on the design of in-situ formed high performing low-friction tribofilms10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108519 ↗
30. Stress- and Time-Dependent Formation of Self-Lubricating In Situ Carbon (SLIC) Films on Catalytically-Active Noble Alloys10.1007/s11837-021-04809-5 ↗
31. Friction properties of vegetable oils10.1007/s11746-003-0760-7 ↗
32. Oxidation kinetic studies of oils derived from unmodified and genetically modified vegetables using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00626-2 ↗
33. Spectroscopic investigation of thermally induced structural evolution of a-C:H:Si film10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148413 ↗
34. In-situ and ex-situ comparison of oxidation of Inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting and conventional methods up to 650°C10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151037 ↗
35. In-situ Thermal Stability Analysis of Amorphous Si-doped Carbon Films10.1016/j.carbon.2021.08.075 ↗
36. Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications10.1186/s12934-019-1228-4 ↗
37. Development of a Fouf-Ball Wear Test Procedure to Evaluate Automotive Lubricating Oils
38. Oxidation and low temperature stability of vegetable oil-based lubricants10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.008 ↗
39. Hydrogen softening and optical transparency in Si-incorporated hydrogenated amorphous carbon films10.1063/1.2132088 ↗
40. Hydrogen content estimation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon by visible Raman spectroscopy10.1063/1.1811397 ↗
41. Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy in hydrogenated carbon films10.1109/20.617873 ↗
42. The effect of ball hardness on four-ball wear test results10.1016/j.wear.2007.06.001 ↗
43. S. Ramstad, The use of colour as a guide to oil film thickness, 1998. https://doi.org/STF66 F99044.
44. A simple approach to measuring thick organic films using the XPS inelastic background10.1002/sia.6322 ↗
45. Four-Ball Study of Tricresyl Phosphate Effect to Jatropha Oil for Transmission Oil Application10.3923/jas.2012.2503.2510 ↗