Electrochemical catalysis at low dimensional carbons: Graphene, carbon nanotubes and beyond – A review

Abstract Nanocarbons, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials show very interesting and useful electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. These can be harnessed in various applications, from sensing and biosensing devices to energy storage and generation devices, such as supercapacitors, batteries or catalysts in the fuel cells. Here we review progress made towards understanding the driving force behind electrochemistry of these nanocarbons, such as edge/basal plane, dopants and impurities effects. We also discuss selected application.