journal article·2026-04

Shock Compression and Spall Damage in CF/GF-Reinforced PEEK Composites

J. L. Xu, J. Xu, Y. Cai, T. Yang, L. X. He, K. Li, R. C. Pan, L. F. Tang, S. N. Luo

Applied Composite Materials· Volume 33· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Polymer crystallization and properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (57)

Show source-provided references
1. Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, J., Yang, W., Yu, T., Liu, W., Li, Y.: Manufacturing technology of lightweight fiber-reinforced composite structures in aerospace: Current situation and toward intellectualization. Aerospace 10(3), 206 (2023)10.3390/aerospace10030206 ↗
2. Hamzat, A.K., Murad, M.S., Adediran, I.A., Asmatulu, E., Asmatulu, R.: Fiber-reinforced composites for aerospace, energy, and marine applications: an insight into failure mechanisms under chemical, thermal, oxidative, and mechanical load conditions. Adv. Composites Hybrid Mater. 8(1), 152 (2025)10.1007/s42114-024-01192-y ↗
3. Maiti, S., Islam, M.R., Uddin, M.A., Afroj, S., Eichhorn, S.J., Karim, N.: Sustainable fiber-reinforced composites: a review. Adv. Sustainable Syst. 6(11), 2200258 (2022)10.1002/adsu.202200258 ↗
4. Liu, X., Bai, C., Xi, X., Zhou, S., Zhang, X., Li, X., Ren, Y., Yang, J., Yang, X.: Impact response and crashworthy design of composite fuselage structures: An overview. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 148, 101002 (2024)10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101002 ↗
5. Lin, Y., Qian, W., Lei, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Kong, W., Hu, Y., Shi, Y., Wu, Z., et al.: Structural integrity issues of composite materials and structures in future transportation equipment. Compos. Struct. 358, 118943 (2025)10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.118943 ↗
6. Sharma, A., Kulkarni, S.S., Khadke, U.V.: Ferroelectric polymer composite as radio absorbing material (RAM) for 5th generation stealth fighter aircraft. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2269, p. 030090. AIP Publishing LLC (2020)10.1063/5.0019654 ↗
7. Maiti, S., Islam, M.R., Uddin, M.A., Afroj, S., Eichhorn, S.J., Karim, N.: Sustainable fiber-reinforced composites: a review. Adv. Sustain. Syst. 6(11), 2200258 (2022)10.1002/adsu.202200258 ↗
8. Alam, M.A., Ya, H., Sapuan, S., Mamat, O., Parveez, B., Yusuf, M., Masood, F., Ilyas, R.: Recent advancements in advanced composites for aerospace applications: a review. Adv. Composites Aerospace Eng. Appl. 319–339 (2022)10.1007/978-3-030-88192-4_16 ↗
9. Erden, S., Sever, K., Seki, Y., Sarikanat, M.: Enhancement of the mechanical properties of glass/polyester composites via matrix modification glass/polyester composite siloxane matrix modification. Fibers Polym. 11(5), 732–737 (2010)10.1007/s12221-010-0732-2 ↗
10. Jayan, J.S., Appukuttan, S., Wilson, R., Joseph, K., George, G., Oksman, K.: An introduction to fiber reinforced composite materials. In: Fiber reinforced composites, Elsevier, pp. 1–24 (2021)10.1016/B978-0-12-821090-1.00025-9 ↗
11. Raju, A., Shanmugaraja, M.: Recent researches in fiber reinforced composite materials: A review. Mater. Today: Proceed. 46, 9291–9296 (2021)
12. Lo, K.H., Qu, S., Wang, S.S.: A mechanism-based general theory for friction of ptfe/peek composite: effects of ptfe morphology and composite microstructure. J. Tribol. 144(8), 081702 (2022)10.1115/1.4053712 ↗
13. Kang, H., Qi, L., Dang, H., Jin, K., Thomson, D., Cui, H., Li, Y.: Biaxial tensile failure of short carbon-fibre-reinforced PEEK composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 208, 108764 (2021)10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108764 ↗
14. Thiruchitrambalam, M., Kumar, D.B., Shanmugam, D., Jawaid, M.: A review on PEEK composites-Manufacturing methods, properties and applications. Mater. Today Proc. 33, 1085–1092 (2020)10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.124 ↗
15. Chang, B., Gu, J., Long, Z., Li, Z., Ruan, S., Shen, C.: Effects of temperature and fiber orientation on the tensile behavior of short carbon fiber reinforced peek composites. Polym. Compos. 42(2), 597–607 (2021)10.1002/pc.25850 ↗
16. Qin, W., Ma, J., Liang, Q., Li, J., Tang, B.: Tribological, cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of graphene oxide/carbon fibers/polyetheretherketone composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy as orthopedic/dental implants. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 122, 104659 (2021)10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104659 ↗
17. Raza, S.S., Qureshi, L.A., Ali, B., Raza, A., Khan, M.M.: Effect of different fibers (steel fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers) on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete. Struct. Concr. 22(1), 334–346 (2021)10.1002/suco.201900439 ↗
18. Liu, X., Shan, Z., Liu, J., Xia, H., Ao, X., Zou, A., Wu, S.: Mechanical and electrical properties of additive manufactured high-performance continuous glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Compos. Part B-Eng. 247, 110292 (2022)10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110292 ↗
19. Demircan, G.: Structural integrity of glass fiber reinforced nanocomposites under hydrothermal aging for offshore structure applications. Appl. Ocean Res. 146, 103959 (2024)10.1016/j.apor.2024.103959 ↗
20. Nie, S., Guo, K., Tian, Y., Chen, L., Yun, Z., Pan, X., Li, W., Wang, J., Hou, X., Zhu, S., et al.: Experimental study on the mechanical and thermal properties of peek, cf/peek, and gf/peek thin-walled cylinders under static compressive tests. Thin-Walled Struct. 210, 113032 (2025)10.1016/j.tws.2025.113032 ↗
21. Li, J., Yang, Z., Huang, X., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Wei, W., Li, H., Wu, G.: Interfacial reinforcement of composites by the electrostatic self-assembly of graphene oxide and NH3 plasma-treated carbon fiber. Appl. Surf. Sci. 585, 152717 (2022)10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152717 ↗
22. Zhu, S., Qian, Y., Hassan, E.A., Shi, R., Yang, L., Cao, H., Zhou, J., Ge, D., Yu, M.: Enhanced interfacial interactions by PEEK-grafting and coupling of acylated CNT for GF/PEEK composites. Compos. Commun. 18, 43–48 (2020)10.1016/j.coco.2020.01.008 ↗
23. Hassan, E.A., Yang, L., Elagib, T.H., Ge, D., Lv, X., Zhou, J., Yu, M., Zhu, S.: Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and $$\pi $$-$$\pi $$ stacking in interface of CF/PEEK composites. Compos. Pt. B-Eng. 171, 70–77 (2019)10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.04.015 ↗
24. Dong, Z., Wang, S., Zhong, S., Yang, Y., Wang, G.: The improved interfacial property and solvent resistance of PEEK/GF composites by crystalline PEEK sizing agent. Compos. Sci. Technol. 111348 (2025)10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111348 ↗
25. Ye, S.J., Chai, H.W., Xiao, X.H., Cai, Y., Yao, X.H., Luo, S.N.: Spallation of polycarbonate under plate impact loading. J. Appl. Phys. 126(8), (2019)10.1063/1.5108965 ↗
26. Meyers, M.A.: Dynamic Behavior of Materials. John Wiley & Sons (1994)10.1002/9780470172278 ↗
27. Pan, R.C., Bie, B.X., Cai, Y., Zhang, N.B., Chen, L.Z., Zhao, Y.X., Li, K., Chai, H.W., Lu, L., Luo, S.N.: Shock compression and spallation of polyamides 6 and 66. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 110127 (2025)10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110127 ↗
28. Nie, S., Chen, L., Yun, Z., Wang, J., Pan, X.: An experimental study on the thermomechanical coupling effects of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone under dynamic impact. Polymers 16(16), 2295 (2024)10.3390/polym16162295 ↗
29. Xie, W., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Gao, Y., Li, D., Jiang, X.: The shock and spallation behavior of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite. Compos. Part B-Eng. 153, 176–183 (2018)10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.07.047 ↗
30. Zaretsky, E., DeBotton, G., Perl, M.: The response of a glass fibers reinforced epoxy composite to an impact loading. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41(2), 569–584 (2004)10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.09.026 ↗
31. Hu, Z.Y., Zhao, Y.X., Xu, J., Pan, R.C., Chai, H.W., Xie, H.L., Zhang, N.B., Lu, L., Luo, S.N.: Shock compression and spallation of ABS and ABS/PC blend under plate impact. Eur. J. Mech. A-Solid. 105630 (2025)10.1016/j.euromechsol.2025.105630 ↗
32. Bie, B.X., Pan, R.C., Xu, J., Chai, H.W., Chen, S., Du, G.H., Bian, Y.L., Cai, Y., Luo, S.N.: Dynamic compression and fracture of poly(ether-ether-ketone) under plate impact. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 246, 108138 (2023)10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108138 ↗
33. Bian, Y.L., Chai, H.W., Ye, S.J., Xie, H.L., Yao, X.H., Cai, Y.: Compression and spallation properties of polyethylene terephthalate under plate impact loading. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 211, 106736 (2021)10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106736 ↗
34. Barker, L.M., Hollenbach, R.: Shock-wave studies of PMMA, fused silica, and sapphire. J. Appl. Phys. 41(10), 4208–4226 (1970)10.1063/1.1658439 ↗
35. Morris, C.E.: Shock-wave equation-of-state studies at Los Alamos. Shock Waves 1, 213–222 (1991)10.1007/BF01413796 ↗
36. Celliers, P., Collins, G., Hicks, D., Eggert, J.: Systematic uncertainties in shock-wave impedance-match analysis and the high-pressure equation of state of Al. J. Appl. Phys. 98(11), (2005)10.1063/1.2140077 ↗
37. Hawreliak, J.A., Winey, J.M., Toyoda, Y., Zimmerman, K., Gupta, Y.M.: Sound speed determination in copper shock compressed to 190 GPa. J. Appl. Phys. 136(16), (2024)10.1063/5.0220264 ↗
38. Wallace, M.K., Winey, J.M., Gupta, Y.M.: Sound speed measurements in silver shock compressed to 300 GPa: Solid-state transition, melting, and liquid-state response. Phys. Rev. B 104(21), 214106 (2021)10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214106 ↗
39. Ravindran, S., Gandhi, V., Lawlor, B., Ravichandran, G.: Mesoscale shock structure in particulate composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 174, 105239 (2023)10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105239 ↗
40. Tan, J., Lu, L., Li, H.Y., Xiao, X.H., Li, Z., Luo, S.N.: Anisotropic deformation and damage of dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V under high strain rate loading. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 742, 532–539 (2019)10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.088 ↗
41. Stepanov, G.: Spall fracture of metals by elastic-plastic loading waves. Prob. Strength (USSR) 8, 66–70 (1976)
42. Romanchenko, V., Stepanov, G.: Dependence of the critical stresses on the loading time parameters during spall in copper, aluminum, and steel. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 21(4), 555–561 (1980)10.1007/BF00916495 ↗
43. Cai, Y., Wu, H.A., Luo, S.N.: Spall strength of liquid copper and accuracy of the acoustic method. J. Appl. Phys. 121(10), 105901 (2017)10.1063/1.4978251 ↗
44. Duvall, G., Graham, R.: Phase transitions under shock-wave loading. Rev. Mod. Phys. 49(3), 523 (1977)10.1103/RevModPhys.49.523 ↗
45. Segletes, S.B., Walters, W.P.: On theories of the Grüneisen parameter. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59(3), 425–433 (1998)10.1016/S0022-3697(97)00132-7 ↗
46. Nagayama, K., Mori, Y.: Simple method of calculating Grüneisen parameter based on the shock Hugoniot data for solids. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 63(11), 4070–4077 (1994)10.1143/JPSJ.63.4070 ↗
47. Mokaddem, A., Belkheir, M., Rouissat, M., Boutaous, A.: Temperature effect on interface damage of thermoplastic polymers composites materials: CF/PEEK. CF/PMMA, and CF/PPS, Strength Mater. 55(5), 1089–1099 (2023)10.1007/s11223-023-00598-1 ↗
48. Arkın, H., Janke, W.: Gyration tensor based analysis of the shapes of polymer chains in an attractive spherical cage. J. Chem. Phys. 138(5), (2013)10.1063/1.4788616 ↗
49. Chai, H.W., Xie, Z.L., Xiao, X.H., Xie, H.L., Huang, J.Y., Luo, S.N.: Microstructural characterization and constitutive modeling of deformation of closed-cell foams based on in situ x-ray tomography. Int. J. Plast 131, 102730 (2020)10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102730 ↗
50. Lai, G.D., Sang, L.P., Bian, Y.L., Xie, H.L., Liu, J.H., Chai, H.W.: Interfacial debonding and cracking in a solid propellant composite under uniaxial tension: An in situ synchrotron X-ray tomography study. Compos. Sci. Technol. 256, 110743 (2024)10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110743 ↗
51. Griffith, A.A.: VI. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Philos. T. R. Soc. A 221(582–593), 163–198 (1921)10.1098/rsta.1921.0006 ↗
52. Orowan, E.: Fracture and strength of solids. Rep. Prog. Phys. 12(1), 185 (1949)10.1088/0034-4885/12/1/309 ↗
53. Wan, Y., Madi, S.E., Madi, K., Soete, J., Takahashi, J., Lomov, S.V., Swolfs, Y.: Spatial strain distribution and in-situ damage analysis of sheet moulding compounds based on digital volume correlation. Compos. Part B-Eng. 295, 112220 (2025)10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112220 ↗
54. Lee, D.J.: Comparison of mechanical properties of compression and injection molded PEEK/Carbon fiber reinforced composites. Key Eng. Mater. 306, 751–756 (2006)
55. Chang, B., Gu, J., Long, Z., Li, Z., Ruan, S., Shen, C.: Effects of temperature and fiber orientation on the tensile behavior of short carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Polym. Compos. 42(2), 597–607 (2021)10.1002/pc.25850 ↗
56. Lu, S., Zhang, B., Niu, J., Yang, C., Sun, C., Wang, L., Li, D.: High-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composites with longer fiber retention length manufactured via screw extrusion-based 3D printing. Addit. Manuf. 86, 104200 (2024)
57. Jacobi, S., Zaretsky, E., Shvarts, D.: Experimental examination and numerical NAG model analysis of spall sensitivity to microstructure in copper. J. de Physique IV 10(PR9), Pr9–805 (2000)10.1051/jp4:20009133 ↗