journal article·2007-08-13Open access

Experimental Determination of the Transversal and Longitudinal Fibre Bundle Permeability

J. S. U. Schell, M. Siegrist, P. Ermanni

Applied Composite Materials· Volume 14· Issue 2

Abstract

In the resin transfer moulding process, fabrics are very often used as reinforcement. These fabrics consist of fibre bundles. In this context, both the permeability of the macroscopic fabric and the permeability of the fibre bundle are the key parameters to accurately predict the impregnation of the fabrics, the impregnation time and resulting void content. The fibre bundle permeability can be either predicted theoretically or experimentally. Whereas the theoretical determination lacks on accuracy as the realistic packing of the fibres in the bundles is not integrated in the models. In this work, we present an experimental setup to measure the longitudinal and transversal permeability of fibre bundles. The results are compared to model predictions. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Composite Material Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. Babu, B.Z., Pillai, K.M.: Experimental investigation of the effect of fiber-mat architecture on the unsaturated flow in liquid composite molding. J. Compos. Mater. 38(1), 57–79 (2004)10.1177/0021998304038176 ↗
2. Slade, J., Pillai, K.M., Advani, S.G.: Investigtion of unsaturated flow in woven, braided and stitched fiber mats during mold-filling in resin transfer molding. Polym. Compos. 22(4), 491–505 (2001)10.1002/pc.10554 ↗
3. Kang, T.M.K., Lee, W.I., Hahn, H.T.: Formation of microvoids during resin-transfer molding process. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60, 2427–2434 (2000)10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00036-1 ↗
4. Schell, J.S.U., Deleglise, M., Binetruy, C., Krawczak, P., Ermanni, P.: Numerical prediction and experimental characterisation of meso-scale-voids in liquid composites moulding, (Submitted to Composites Part A)10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.005 ↗
5. Han, K.K., Lee, C.W., Rice, B.P.: Measurement of the permeability of fiber preforms and applications. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60, 2435–2441 (2000)10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00037-3 ↗
6. Verheus, A.S., Peeters, J.H.A.: The role of reinforcement permeability in resin transfer moulding. Compos. Manuf. 4(1), 33–38 (1993)10.1016/0956-7143(93)90014-Y ↗
7. Luthy, T., Landert, M., Ermanni, P.: 1d-permeability measurements based on ultrasound and linear direct current resistance monitoring techniques. J. Mater. Process. Manuf. Sci. 10, 25–43 (2001)
8. Williams, J.G., Morris, C.E.M., Ennis, B.C.: Liquid flow through aligned fiber beds. Polym. Eng. Sci. 14(6), 413–419 (1974)10.1002/pen.760140603 ↗
9. Deng, J.L., Zhu, Y.D., H.W.J., Meng, Z.H.: Numerical simulation of micro-infiltration in a fibre bunndle. Key Eng. Mater. 249, 347–350 (2003)10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.249.347 ↗
10. Gutowski, T., Cai, Z., Bauer, S., Boucher, D., Kingrey, J., Wineman, S.: Consolidation experiments for laminate composites. J. Compos. Mater. 21, 650–669 (1987)10.1177/002199838702100705 ↗
11. Ranganathan, S.: A generalized model for the transverse fluid permeability in unidirectional fibrous media. Polym. Compos. 17(2), 222–230 (1996)10.1002/pc.10607 ↗
12. de Wiest, R.J.M.: Flow Through Porous Media. Academic Press, New York (1969)
13. Scheidegger, A.E.: The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media. University of Toronto Press, Toronto (1974)
14. Bear, J.: Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media. Dover, New York (1988)
15. Dullien, F.A.L.: Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure, no. 3. Academic Press, San Diego (1992)
16. Darcy, H.: Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon. Victor Dalmont, Paris (1856)
17. Kozeny, J.: Über kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden - Aufstieg, Versickerung und Anwendung auf die Bewässerung. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien136 (1927)
18. Carman, P.C.: Fluid flow through granular beds. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 15, (1937)
19. Cai, Z.: Estimation of the permeability of fibrous preforms for resin transfer moulding processes. Compos. Manuf. 3(4), 251–257 (1992)10.1016/0956-7143(92)90112-8 ↗
20. van den Brekel, L.D.V., de Jong, E.J.: Hydrodynamics in packed textile beds. Tex. Res. J. 59(8), 433–440 (1989)10.1177/004051758905900801 ↗
21. Skartsis, L., Kardos, J., Khomami, L.: Resin flow through fiber beds during composite manufacturing processes. Part 1: Review of newtonian flow through fiber beds. Polym. Eng. Sci. 32(4), 221–230 (1992)10.1002/pen.760320402 ↗
22. Skartsis, L., Kardos, L., Khomami, J.: Resin flow through fiber beds during composite manufacturing processes. Part 2: Numerical and experimental studies of newtonian flow through ideal and actual fiber beds. Polym. Eng. Sci. 32(4), 231–239 (1992)10.1002/pen.760320403 ↗
23. Astrom, B.T., Pipes, R.B., Advani, S.G.: On flow through aligned fiber beds and its application to composites processing. J. Compos. Mater. 26(9), 1351–1373 (1992)10.1177/002199839202600907 ↗
24. Gebart, B.R.: Permeability of unidirectional reinforcements for RTM. J. Compos. Mater. 26(8), 1100–1133 (1992)10.1177/002199839202600802 ↗
25. Lundstrom, S.T., Gebart, B.R.: Effect of perturbation of fibre architecture on permeability inside fibre tows. J. Compos. Mater. 29(4), 424–443 (1995)10.1177/002199839502900401 ↗
26. Bechtold, G., Ye, L.: Influence of fibre distribution on the transverse flow permeability in fibre bundles. Compos. Sci. Technol. 63, 2069–2079 (2003)10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00112-X ↗
27. Um, M.K., Lee, W.I.: A study on permeability of unidirectional fiber beds. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 16(17), 1575–1590 (1997)10.1177/073168449701601704 ↗
28. Hurschler, P.: Bestimmung der repräsentativen Faseranordnung im Faserbündel zur Simulation des Mikroflusses Semesterarbeit, ETH Zurich (2004)
29. Shojaei, A., Trochu, F., Ghaffarian, S.R., Karimian, S.M.H., Lessard, L.: An experimental study of saturated and unsaturated permeabilities in resin transfer molding based on unidirectional flow measurements. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 23(14), 1515–1536 (2004)10.1177/0731684404039787 ↗
30. Bréard, J., Henzel, Y., Trochu, F., Gauvin, R.: Analysis of dynamic flows through porous media. Part 1: Comparison between saturated and unsaturated flows in fibrous reinforcements. Polym. Compos. 24(3), 391–408 (2003)10.1002/pc.10038 ↗