Wide Scale Characterization and Modeling of the Vibration and Damping Behavior of CFRP-Elastomer-Metal Laminates—Comparison and Discussion of Different Test Setups
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The investigated hybrid carbon fiber reinforced plastics-elastomer-metal laminates (HyCEML) offer the potential of tailored structural materials with adaptable damping properties. Conventional fiber metal laminates, like glass laminate aluminum reinforced epoxy are already widely spread in the aviation industry owing to their outstanding fatigue behavior. By integrating an elastomeric interlayer, the glass fibers can be substituted by carbon fibers and damping properties of these laminates can be adjusted. The viscoelastic interlayer dissipates energy within the laminate by inducing shear strain during bending, which is commonly known as constrained layer damping. The aim of this paper is the description of the vibration and damping behavior of HyCEML over a wide temperature and frequency range by using different test methods. Dynamic mechanical analysis is used for the individual polymeric constituents and coupon specimens and modal analysis is used with different specimen geometries up to a component sized panel. In addition, analytical and numerical approaches complement the experiments and lead to a deeper understanding of the vibration and damping behavior. Owing to the high damping, already at frequencies of 5 kHz only running waves can be detected for the investigated panel size. The discussion of different test methods helps to identify material and wavelength dependent effects, but also possible adverse effects of certain methods.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Structural Analysis of Composite Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. Kerwin, EM.: Damping of flexural waves by a constrained viscoelastic layer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am 31(7), 952 962 (1959)10.1121/1.1907821 ↗
2. Rao, MD.: Recent applications of viscoelastic damping for noise control in automobiles and commercial airplanes. J. Sound Vib. 262(3), 457 474 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00106-810.1016/S0022-460X(03)00106-8 ↗
3. Fan, R., Meng, G., Yang, J., He, C.: Experimental study of the effect of viscoelastic damping materials on noise and vibration reduction within railway vehicles. J Sound Vib. 319(1–2), 58 76 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.07110.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.071 ↗
4. Amoroso, F., De Fenza, A. Monaco, E., Pecora, R., Lecce, L.: Experimental evaluation of vibro-acoustic behaviour of composite fuselage structures realized with embedded viscoelastic damping treatments, in: 18th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Vol. 4 pp. 3197–3204. (2011)
5. Ross, D., Ungar, E.E., Kerwin, E.M.: Damping of Plate Flexural Vibrations byMeans of Viscoelastic Laminae, Structural Damping, ASME New York 49–87 (1959)
6. Nashif, A., Jones, D.I.G., Henderson. J.P.: Vibration damping Wiley Interscience New York (1985)
7. Alderliesten, R.: Fatigue and fracture of fibre metal laminates, Vol. 236 of Solid mechanicsand its applications, Springer (2017)10.1007/978-3-319-56227-8 ↗
8. Stoll, M., Stemmer, F., Ilinzeer, S., Weidenmann, K.A.: Optimization of corrosiveproperties of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates due to integration of an elastomer interlayer, in: Key Engineering Materials, Bremen, Germany, 742, pp. 287–293 (2017)10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.742.287 ↗
9. Bellini, C., Di Cocco, V., Iacoviello, F., Sorrentino, L.: Performance evaluationof CFRP/Al fibre metal laminates with different structural characteristics Composite Structures 225, 111117 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.11111710.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111117 ↗
10. Kerwin, E.M., Ungar, E. E.: Requirements Imposed on Polymeric Materials by Structural Damping Applications, in: R.D. Corsaro, and L. H. Sperling (Ed.), Sound and vibration damping with polymers, Vol. 424 of ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 317–345 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0424.ch01710.1021/bk-1990-0424.ch017 ↗
11. Jones, D.I.G.: Handbook of Viscoelastic Vibration Damping John Wiley and Sons, LTD. Chichester (2001)
12. ASTM International, Standard Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials, ASTM E756–05 (Reapproved 2010) (2010).
13. Ghiringhelli, G.L. Terraneo, M.: Analytically driven experimental characterization of damping in viscoelastic materials. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 40, 75-85 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.10.01110.1016/j.ast.2014.10.011 ↗
14. Wu, Q., Wang, M.: Study on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Asymmetrical Sandwich Beams Applied Sciences 8(8), 1359 (2018) https://doi.org/10.3390/app808135910.3390/app8081359 ↗
15. Ozer, M.S., Koruk, H., Sanliturk, K.Y.: Testing non-magnetic materials using Oberst Beam Method utilising electromagnetic excitation. J. Sound Vib. 456, 104-118 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.02910.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.029 ↗
16. Ferry, J.D.: Viscoelastic properties of polymers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (1980)
17. Knapp, G., Oreski, G., Pinter, G.: Method to characterize the damping behavior of thin passively constrained layer laminates using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in shear mode. Polym. Test. 42, 215-224 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.01.01110.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.01.011 ↗
18. Pan, L.J., Zhang, B.M.: A new method for the determination of damping in cocurred composite laminates with embedded viscoelastic layer J. Sound Vib. 319(3–5), 822-831 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.06.04410.1016/j.jsv.2008.06.044 ↗
19. Martone, A., Antonucci, V., Zarrelli, M., Giordano, M.: A simplified approach to model damping behaviour of interleaved carbon fibre laminates Composites Part B: Engineering 97, 103-110 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.04810.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.048 ↗
20. Graesser E.J. Wong, C.R.: The Relationship of Traditional Damping Measures for Materials with High Damping Capacity: A Review, in: V. K. Kinra and A. Wolfenden (Ed.), M3D: Mechanics and Mechanisms of Material Damping, ASTM STP 1169, Philadelphia, pp. 316–343 (1992)10.1520/STP17969S ↗
21. Stoll, M., Sessner, V., Kramar, M., Technau, Weidenmann, K.A.: The effectof an elastomer interlayer thickness variation on the mechanical properties of Fiber-Metal Laminates. Compos. Struct. 219, 90-96 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.04210.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.042 ↗
22. European Committee for Standardization, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties Part 5, EN ISO 527–5 (1997).
23. Luft- und Raumfahrt âĂŞ FaserverstÃďrkte Kunststoffe âĂŞ PrÃijfverfahren âĂŞ Bestimmung der Schubeigenschaften (Âś 45Âř-Zugversuch), DIN EN 6031 (2016).
24. International Organization for Standardization, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic –Determination of tensile stress-strain properties, ISO 37 (2017).
25. International Organization for Standardization, Plastics - Determination of dynamic mechanical properties - Part 4: Tensile vibration - Non-resonance method, ISO 6721–4 (2008).
26. International Organization for Standardization, Plastics - Determination of dynamic mechanical properties - Part 7: Torsional vibration - Non-resonance method, ISO 6721–7 (1996).
27. Liebig, W. V., Jackstadt, A., Sessner, V., Weidenmann, K. A., Kärger, L. (2019). Frequency domain modelling of transversely isotropic viscoelastic fibre-reinforced plastics. Compos. Sci. Technol. 180, 101- 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.04.01910.1016/j.compscitech.2019.04.019 ↗
28. Timoshenko, S.P., Goodier, J. N.: Theory of Elasticity, 2nd Edition Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., New York and London, (1951)
29. Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F., Ferry, JD., The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-forming Liquids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77(14), 3701-3707 (1995)10.1021/ja01619a008 ↗
30. Payne A.R.: Strainwork dependence of filler-loaded vulcanizates. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 8(6), 2661-2686 (1964) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.07008061410.1002/app.1964.070080614 ↗
31. Chazeau, L., Brown, J.D., Yanyo Y.C., Sternstein, S.S.: Modulus recovery kinetics and other insights into the payne effect for filled elastomers. Polym. Compos. 21(2), 202 222 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.1017810.1002/pc.10178 ↗
32. Mullins, L.: Softening of Rubber by Deformation Rubber Chemistry and Technology 42(1), 339-362 (1969)10.5254/1.3539210 ↗
33. Sessner, V., Jackstadt, A., Liebig, W.V., Kärger L., Weidenmann, K.A.: Damping characterization of hybrid carbon fiber elastomer metal Laminates using experimental and numerical dynamic mechanical analysis. J. Compos. Sci. 3, 1-3 (2019) https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs301000310.3390/jcs3010003 ↗
34. Kunststoffe Bestimmung dynamisch-mechanischer Eigenschaften - Teil 3: Biegeschwingung; Resonanzkurven-Verfahren, DIN EN ISO 6721–3 (1996–12).
35. Chu, F..H., Wang, B.P.: Experimental determination of damping in materials andstructures, in: P. J. Torvik (Ed.), Damping Applications for Vibration Control, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 38, Chicago, pp. 113–122 (1980)
36. VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V., Damping of materials and members (Experimental techniques for the determination of damping characteristics) - Part 5, VDI 3830–5 (2005)
37. Rao, D.K: Frequency and Loss Factors of Sandwich Beams under Various Boundary Conditions. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 20(5), 271-282 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1978_020_047_0210.1243/JMES_JOUR_1978_020_047_02 ↗
38. Liebig, W. V., Sessner ,V., Weidenmann, K.A.,Kärger, L.: Numerical andexperimental investigations of the damping behaviour of hybrid CFRP-elastomer-metal laminates Compos. Struct. 202, 1109-1113 (2018)10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.051 ↗
39. Jones. D.I.G.: On temperature-frequency analysis of polymer dynamic mechanical behaviour J Sound Vib. 140(1), 85-102 (1990)10.1016/0022-460X(90)90908-I ↗
40. VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V., Modelling of vibrating systems, VDI 3843–1 (February 2018).
41. Gandhi, J.: Influence of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material Characterization on Performance of Constrained Layer Damping Treatment AIAA Journal 39(5) 924-931 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2514/2.139710.2514/2.1397 ↗
42. Paimushin, V.N., Firsov, V.A. Shishkin, V.M. Gazizullin R.K.: Vibration of the Platewith Integral Layer Damping: Experimental and Theoretical Studies, in: Gdoutos, E. Konsta-Gdoutos M.S.: (Eds.), Proceedings of the third International Conference on Theoretical, Applied and Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 16 of Structural Integrity, Springer, Cham, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47883-4_4610.1007/978-3-030-47883-4_46 ↗
43. Caruthers, J.M., Cohen, R.E: Consequences of thermorheological complexity in viscoelastic materials. Rheologica Acta. 19(5), 606-613 (1980) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0151751410.1007/BF01517514 ↗
44. Sessner, V., Weidenmann K.A.: Temperature Dependency of the Deformation Behavior of Hybrid CFRP/Elastomer/Metal Laminates under 3-Point Bending Loads Key Engineering Materials 809, 259-265 (2019). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.809.25910.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.809.259 ↗
45. Moreno, M.S.C., Gutiérrez, A.R., Vicente, J.L.M.: Different response under tensionand compression of unidirectional carbon fibre laminates in a three-point bending test Compos. Struct. 136,706-711 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.01710.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.017 ↗
46. Cortés, F., Sarría, I.: Dynamic Analysis of Three-Layer Sandwich Beams with Thick Viscoelastic Damping Core for Finite Element Applications, Shock and Vibration 1-9 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/73625610.1155/2015/736256 ↗
47. Ewins, D.J.: Modal Testing: Theory, Practice and Application, Research Studies PressLtd., John Wiley & Sons, Inc (2000)
48. Carne, T.G. Griffith, T.D. Casis, M. E.: Support conditions for experimental modal analysis. Sound and Vibration 41(5), 10–16 (2007)
49. Mallareddy T.T., Schneider, S. Blaschke P.: Advanced Hammer Excitation Technique for Impact Modal Testing on Lightweight Materials Using Scalable Automatic Modal Hammer, in: M. Mains, B. J. Dilworth (Eds.), Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 9, Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 211–216 (2019)10.1007/978-3-319-74700-2_22 ↗
50. Schneider S., Mallareddy T.T., Alarcón D.J., Kamenzky R., Blaschke P., Experimental Modal Analysis of Structures with Conventional Versus Contact-Free Suspension., in: N. Dervilis (Ed.), Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 5. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Ser, Cham, 2019.10.1007/978-3-319-75390-4_13 ↗
51. O. Dossing, Structural Testing Part II: Modal Analysis and Simulation, Naerum: Bruel &Kjaer, 1988.
52. Manconi, E., Mace, B.R.: Estimation of the loss factor of viscoelastic laminated panels from finite element analysis. J. Sound Vib. 329(19), 3928-3939 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.04.01410.1016/j.jsv.2010.04.014 ↗
53. Liao, F.S., Hsu, T.J., Su, A.C.: Vibration Damping of Interleaved Carbon FiberEpoxy Composite Beams. J Compos Mater. 28(18), 1840-1854 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983940280180610.1177/002199839402801806 ↗