Multifunctional nanocomposites based on kaolinite/titania/iron applied to hydrogen peroxide production and bisphenol–A removal

The rising global demand for hydrogen peroxide, recognized for its eco–friendly properties, underscores the need for greener synthesis methods. Traditional production processes pose environmental risks, while direct synthesis faces challenges like water formation, explosion hazards, and stability issues, limiting industrial application. On the other hand, Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor widely used in plastics, presents significant environmental and health concerns due to its potential leaching into food and water. The present work introduces efficient and selective photocatalysts aimed at sustainable hydrogen peroxide synthesis and BPA degradation. Both processes were enhanced by the synergistic properties of Fe 2 O 3 –TiO 2 nanoparticles dispersed within a kaolinite matrix. The Fe 2 O 3 –TiO 2 photocatalysts, characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy and X–ray diffraction, showed reduced emission upon iron incorporation and anatase presence on the kaolinite surface. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through hydroxylation of terephthalic acid, revealing a 127 μmol/L min hydroxylation rate for the KaFeTi400 sample. BPA degradation studies indicated optimal performance in acidic conditions, achieving 96 % removal in 2 h and 98 % in 4 h, with the addition of H 2 O 2 enhancing efficiency. Further, the photocatalyst facilitated benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde, demonstrating a H 2 O 2 production rate of 120 μmol. These findings highlight the multifunctional capabilities and environmental benefits of the photocatalyst, underscoring its potential for sustainable hydrogen peroxide synthesis and broader applications in environmental remediation. The catalysts address the pressing challenges associated with hydrogen peroxide synthesis and pollutant removal, particularly in the context of sustainability and environmental impact. • Synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 nanoparticles on kaolinite using a hydrolytic sol-gel procedure. • Catalytic degradation of Bisphenol A in water using Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 nanoparticles on kaolinite. • H 2 O 2 production from the photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde.