Multi-technique investigation of metakaolin and slag blended portland cement pastes
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Increasing incorporation of metakaolin (MK) into field concrete mixtures necessitates careful study of the portland cement/MK hydrating systems. While a number of studies have been conducted on MK blends with cement, the current knowledge on its effect on hydration products and paste microstructure remains incomplete. This study evaluated the effect of MK on the nature of hydration products through X-ray diffraction, while the effect on microstructure was assessed by measuring porosity with nitrogen adsorption and determining nanoindentation modulus as well as volume fractions of CSH with varying packing densities. The 10MK paste hydrated for 7 days was compared to the plain ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste as well as to paste containing 52% slag (52SL). No significant effect was observed on the nature of hydration products with MK or SL addition. However, nitrogen-accessible porosity increased with MK and SL addition, the increase being larger with SL. The average indentation modulus for hydration products decreased with addition of MK and SL which corresponded to increasing nitrogen accessible pores.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (92)
Show source-provided references
1. Combinatorial molecular optimization of cement hydrates10.1038/ncomms5960 ↗
2. Aligizaki · 2006
3. Properties of metakaolin blended cements10.1016/1065-7355(94)90007-8 ↗
4. Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 ↗
5. Effects of metakaolin on nanomechanical properties of cement paste
6. The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms
7. The effect of metakaolin on the corrosion behavior of cement mortars10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.041 ↗
8. Nanoscale structure of cement: viewpoint of rigidity theory10.1021/jp502550z ↗
9. A discussion on, “The use of nitrogen adsorption to assess the microstructure of cement paste” by MCG Juenger and HM Jennings10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00742-6 ↗
10. Influence of degree of dehydroxylation on the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin10.1016/j.clay.2009.01.014 ↗
11. Sample preparation for X-ray diffraction
12. Pore structures of hydrated calcium silicates and Portland cements by nitrogen adsorption10.1016/0021-9797(70)90219-5 ↗
13. Investigation on early hydration of ternary Portland cement-blast-furnace slag–metakaolin blends10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.018 ↗
14. Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers10.1021/ja01269a023 ↗
15. Reaction progress of alkaline-activated metakaolin-ground granulated blast furnace slag blends10.1007/s10853-009-3790-3 ↗
16. Study of the reactivity of cement/metakaolin binders at early age for specific use in steam cured precast concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.022 ↗
17. The effect of two types of C-S-H on the elasticity of cement-based materials: results from nanoindentation and micromechanical modeling10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00230-8 ↗
18. The nanogranular nature of C-S-H10.1016/j.jmps.2006.06.003 ↗
19. Grid indentation analysis of composite microstructure and mechanics: principles and validation10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.125 ↗
20. Metakaolin as a pozzolanic microfiller for high-performance mortars10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00045-3 ↗
21. Hydration mechanisms of ternary Portland cements containing limestone powder and fly ash10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.014 ↗
22. Preparing specimens for microscopy
23. Influence of metakaolin on pore structure-related properties and thermodynamic stability of hydrate phases of concrete in seawater environment10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.073 ↗
24. Effects of metakaolin, silica fume and slag on pore structure, interfacial transition zone and compressive strength of concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.075 ↗
25. Gajda · 2007
26. Pore structure and permeability of hardened calcium aluminate cement pastes of low w/c ratio10.1617/s11527-012-9991-2 ↗
27. Pore size determination in modified micro- and mesoporous materials. Pitfalls and limitations in gas adsorption data analysis10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00339-1 ↗
28. Increasing concrete durability with high-reactivity metakaolin10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00097-4 ↗
29. Nanoindentation characteristics of cement with different mineral admixtures10.1007/s11431-013-5186-5 ↗
30. Characterization of micro- and nano- modified cementitious system using micro analytical techniques10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.01.004 ↗
31. Reactive molecular simulation on water confined in the nanopores of the calcium silicate hydrate gel: structure, reactivity, and mechanical properties10.1021/jp509292q ↗
32. Property investigation of individual phases in cementitious composites containing silica fume and fly ash
33. Property investigation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel in cementitious composites10.1016/j.matchar.2014.06.012 ↗
34. Micro-mechanical properties of cement paste measured by depth-sensing nanoindentation: a preliminary correlation of physical properties with phase type10.1016/j.matchar.2004.08.014 ↗
35. Mesoscale texture of cement hydrates10.1073/pnas.1520487113 ↗
36. The hydration of alite: a time-resolved quantitative XRD approach using the G-factor method compared with heat release10.1107/S0021889811025933 ↗
37. A remastered external standard method applied to the quantification of early OPC hydration10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.004 ↗
38. Does ordinary Portland cement contain amorphous phase? A quantitative study using an external standard method10.1154/1.3549186 ↗
39. Refinements to colloid model of C-S-H in cement: CM-II10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.006 ↗
40. A discussion of the paper “The BET-specific surface area of hydrated Portland cement and related materials” by Ivan Odler10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.03.001 ↗
41. A multi-technique investigation of the nanoporosity of cement paste10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.021 ↗
42. Characterization and modeling of pores and surfaces in cement paste: correlations to processing and properties10.3151/jact.6.5 ↗
43. Examining the relationship between the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate and drying shrinkage of cement pastes10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00673-1 ↗
44. Influence of metakaolin surface area on properties of cement-based materials10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:9(762) ↗
45. Comparison of Two Metakaolins and a Silica Fume Used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
46. Thermal treatment of kaolin: the effect of mineralogy on the pozzolanic activity10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00040-0 ↗
47. Pore size distribution of metakaolin paste10.1016/0008-8846(96)00147-0 ↗
48. Sintering - methods and products
49. Microstructure and texture of hydrated cement-based materials: a proton field cycling relaxometry approach10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.08.002 ↗
50. The influence of different drying methods on cement paste microstructures as reflected by gas adsorption: comparison between freeze-drying (F-drying), D-drying, P-drying and oven-drying methods10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.021 ↗
51. Description and survey of methodologies for the determination of amorphous content via X-ray powder diffraction10.1524/zkri.2011.1437 ↗
52. Mehta · 2006
53. Pore structures and surface areas of hardened Portland cement pastes by nitrogen adsorption10.1139/v64-060 ↗
54. Mindess · 2003
55. A reliable technique to determine the local mechanical properties at the nanoscale for cementitious materials10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.07.001 ↗
56. Comparative Study of the Effects of Microsilica and Nanosilica in Concrete10.3141/2141-02 ↗
57. The elastic moduli of calcium hydroxide10.1016/0008-8846(95)00154-9 ↗
58. Nanoindentation characteristics of alkali-activated aluminosilicate materials10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.10.005 ↗
59. The BET-specific surface area of hydrated Portland cement and related materials10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00225-4 ↗
60. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments10.1557/JMR.1992.1564 ↗
61. Pecharsky · 2009
62. Effect of the Ca/Si molar ratio on the micro/nanomechanical properties of synthetic C-S-H measured by nanoindentation10.1021/jp302240c ↗
63. A comparative study of Rietveld phase analysis of cement clinker using neutron, laboratory X-ray, and synchrotron data10.1154/1.2040455 ↗
64. Hydration study of cementitious materials using semi-adiabatic calorimetry
65. Rate of pozzolanic reaction of metakaolin in high-performance cement pastes10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00581-6 ↗
66. Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.001 ↗
67. Metakaolin
68. The effect of metakaolin on alkali–silica reaction in concrete10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00261-6 ↗
69. Tobermorite/jennite- and tobermorite/calcium hydroxide-based models for the structure of C-S-H: applicability to hardened pastes of tricalcium silicate, β-dicalcium silicate, Portland cement, and blends of Portland cement with blast-furnace slag, metakaol10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.034 ↗
70. Microstructure and microanalysis of hardened cement pastes involving ground granulated blast-furnace slag10.1007/BF01133772 ↗
71. Modeling hydration of cementitious systems
72. Composition, silicate anion structure and morphology of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) synthesised by silica-lime reaction and by controlled hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S)10.1179/1743676115Y.0000000038 ↗
73. Drying, shrinkage, and cracking of cementitious materials10.1007/s11242-015-0518-5 ↗
74. Heat of hydration models for cementitious materials
75. Effect of chloride-based accelerator in the presence of water-reducing and retarding admixture on autogenous shrinkage
76. The effect of dehydroxylation/amorphization degree on pozzolanic activity of kaolinite10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00975-4 ↗
77. Siddique · 2011
78. X-ray powder diffraction applied to cement
79. Use of X-ray diffraction to quantify amorphous supplementary cementitious materials in anhydrous and hydrated blended cements10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.06.011 ↗
80. Taylor · 1997
81. R factors in Rietveld analysis: how good is good enough?10.1154/1.2179804 ↗
82. Statistical indentation techniques for hydrated nanocomposites: Concrete, bone, and shale10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02012.x ↗
83. Does microstructure matter for statistical nanoindentation techniques?10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.007 ↗
84. The morphology of C–S–H: lessons from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.011 ↗
85. Nanoindentation investigation of creep properties of calcium silicate hydrates10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.05.006 ↗
86. Cement hydrates
87. Nanogranular packing of C-S-H at substochiometric conditions10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.017 ↗
88. Determination by nanoindentation of elastic modulus and hardness of pure constituents of Portland cement clinker10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00505-6 ↗
89. Rietveld quantification of amorphous portions with an internal standard—mathematical consequences of the experimental approach10.1154/1.3187828 ↗
90. Relative strength, pozzolanic activity and cement hydration in superplasticised metakaolin concrete10.1016/0008-8846(96)00148-2 ↗
91. Wilson · 2013
92. Zayed · 2016