Characterization of kaolinitic clays subjected to alkali contamination
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Differential settlements due to alkali contamination in the foundation soil and the deformations in superstructures were well documented. The influence of alkalis on clay minerals has been the subject of many studies for decades. However, studies on the role of mineral content, type of alkali and volume of the interacting solution on the dissolution of clay minerals and formation of new minerals at hydrothermal condition are scanty for a particular duration and concentration of alkali. Thus, in this paper micro level investigations were carried out to clearly understand the influence of alkalis with the varying volume of interaction on the new mineral formation along with the dissolution of the actual mineral. Two soils, namely, natural red earth and commercial kaolin with varying kaolinite content were selected for this study. The mineralogical and the morphological aspects involved in alkali treatment of these soils have been investigated using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TG-DTA. The results showed that both red earth and kaolin treated with alkali solutions (4N NaOH and 4N KOH) at 110 °C showed the complete dissolution of mineral at higher volume of interaction. However, at given thermal condition, complete dissolution of mineral in red earth occurred at a lesser volume of interaction compared to kaolin. Furthermore, the dissolution of the original mineral and the intensity of new mineral formations varied with mineral content, volume of interacting solution and the type of alkali. Thus, the detailed analysis of the results clearly brought out that the disintegration of the actual mineral and the formation of new minerals greatly depend on the mineral content and volume of interaction
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Soil and Unsaturated Flow · Clay minerals and soil interactions · Landfill Environmental Impact Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (87)
Show source-provided references
1. Synthesis and characterization of new copper based nanocomposite10.1016/S1452-3981(23)12913-0 ↗
2. The transformation of kaolin to low silica X zeolite10.1016/S0144-2449(97)00132-2 ↗
3. Two-phase geo polymerization of kaolinite-based geo polymer10.1016/j.clay.2013.10.004 ↗
4. Release of ions from kaolinite dispersed in deflocculant solutions10.1016/j.clay.2006.10.002 ↗
5. FT-IR and DTA study of lanthanum aluminosilicates glasses10.1016/S0254-0584(97)80287-8 ↗
6. FT-IR study of the thermal transformation of barium-exchanged zeolite A to celsian10.1039/b203859e ↗
7. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of gallosilicate perchlorate sodalite
8. Natural Indian Natrolite zeolite-supported Cu nanoparticles: a new and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for N-arylation of sulfonamides with boronic acids in water under ligand-free conditions10.1039/c3ra47955b ↗
9. First principles modeling of the infrared spectrum of kaolinite10.2138/am-2001-11-1201 ↗
10. A methodology for quantifying sodalite and cancrinite phase mixtures and the kinetics of the sodalite to cancrinite phase transformation10.1016/S1387-1811(99)00080-3 ↗
11. Hydrothermal chemistry of the silicates. Part VIII. Low temperature crystal growth of aluminosilicates, and of some gallium and germanium analogues10.1039/jr9590000195 ↗
12. Barrer · 1982
13. Kaolinite and smectite dissolution rate in high molar KOH solutions at 35° and 80°C10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00018-3 ↗
14. Smectite transformation in high molar KOH solutions10.1180/000985599546226 ↗
15. Kaolinite transformation in high molar KOH solutions10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00094-2 ↗
16. The interaction of kaolinite with poly phosphate and polyacrylate in aqueous solutions—some preliminary results10.1180/claymin.1970.008.4.07 ↗
17. The rheological, mineralogical and chemical characteristic of the original and the Na2CO3 – activated Tunisian swelling clay (Aleg formation) and their utilization as drilling mud10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.017 ↗
18. Breck · 1974 · 771
19. Bruno · Fuel · 1986 · 65 · 147310.1016/0016-2361(86)90127-4 ↗
20. Microstructures and high-temperature phase transitions in kalsilite10.2138/am-1996-5-604 ↗
21. Swelling behavior of kaolinitic clays contaminated with alkali solutions: a micro-level study10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.045 ↗
22. Low temperature experimental investigation of the effect of high pH NaOH solutions on the Opalinus shale, Switzerland10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400604 ↗
23. Low temperature experimental investigation on the effect of high pH KOH on the Opalinius Shale, Switzerland10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410313 ↗
24. Effect of leakage of industrial alkali solutions on the construction properties of soils10.1007/BF01721619 ↗
25. Experimental kinetic study of the smectite-to-illite transformation10.1016/0016-7037(95)00407-6 ↗
26. Formation of phyllosilicates and zeolites from pure silica-alumina gels10.1346/CCMN.1976.0240408 ↗
27. Infrared evidence for the formation of an intermediate compound during the synthesis of zeolite Na-A from metakaolin10.1016/S1466-6049(99)00020-3 ↗
28. Opening optical four-wave mixing channels with giant enhancement using ultraslow pump waves10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.143902 ↗
29. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses of kaolinitic clays from South Africa and Cameroon
30. Alkaline treatment of clay minerals from the Alhambra formation: implications for the conservation of earthen architecture10.1016/j.clay.2007.05.003 ↗
31. Influence of organic matter on the reactivity of clay minerals in highly alkaline environments10.1016/j.clay.2015.03.006 ↗
32. Farmer · 1974 · 539
33. Differing effects of particle size and shape in the infrared and Raman spectra of kaolinite10.1180/claymin.1998.033.4.07 ↗
34. Combination bands in the infrared spectroscopy of kaolins — a drift spectroscopic study10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460411 ↗
35. Modification of low- and high-defect kaolinite surfaces: implications for kaolinite mineral processing10.1016/j.jcis.2003.10.034 ↗
36. Cyclic behavior of fine-grained soils at different pH values10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:2(271) ↗
37. Cyclic shear strength of soil with different pore fluids10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000901 ↗
38. Kinetics of formation of zeolite Na-A (LTA) from natural kaolinites10.1007/s002690050032 ↗
39. Study on IR spectra of synthesized mullite ultrafine powders by SCFD technique
40. Mineralogy and chemistry of natrolite from Jordan10.1180/0009855043910119 ↗
41. Thermal activation and alkali dissolution of silicon from illite10.1016/j.clay.2007.08.002 ↗
42. Low-temperature FTIR study of kaolin-group minerals10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560408 ↗
43. Effect of acid and alkali treatments on surface charge properties of selected minerals10.1346/000986002320679378 ↗
44. Swelling of soils due to wetting with alkali solutions10.1007/BF02093009 ↗
45. Experimental study on the formation of zeolites from Obsidian by interaction with NaOH and KOH solutions at 150°C and 200°C10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450307 ↗
46. Geotechnical properties of gas oil-contaminated kaolinite10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.08.004 ↗
47. Reprint of genesis of halloysite from the weathering of muscovite: insights from microscopic observations of a weathered granite in the Gaoling Area, Jingdezhen, China10.1016/j.clay.2015.08.024 ↗
48. 29Si and 27Al NMR study of zeolite formation from alkali-leached kaolinites influence of thermal preactivation10.1021/j100365a046 ↗
49. FTIR analyses of water in MX-80 bentonite compacted from high salinary salt solution systems10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00067-9 ↗
50. Theoretical and experimental investigations of the effect of aggressive wetting on various types of beds. Soil mechanics and foundation
51. Hydrothermal synthesis of natrolite-type zeolite in the natural Halloysite-obsidian system10.1134/S1087659614030134 ↗
52. Compressibility of contaminated fine grained soils10.1520/GTJ10078J ↗
53. Mitchell · 1993
54. Volume change behavior of compacted clay due to organic liquids as permeant10.1016/j.clay.2007.04.009 ↗
55. A study of alkali/mineral reactions10.2118/13032-PA ↗
56. Alkaline swelling and consequences of alkalization of clayey bed soils10.1007/s11204-008-9026-8 ↗
57. Effect of organic fluids on the geotechnical behavior of a highly plastic clayey soil10.1016/j.clay.2010.03.015 ↗
58. Swelling of natural soil subjected to acidic and alkaline contamination10.3311/PPci.8185 ↗
59. Synthesis and characterization of analogues of zeolites and their role as catalyst in cannizzaro reaction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde by self-oxidation and reduction
60. Impurity cations in the bulk and the surface of muscovite: an atomistic simulation study10.1039/a702858j ↗
61. Transport-controlled kinetics of dissolution and precipitation in the sediments under alkaline and saline conditions10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.017 ↗
62. Ground heave from caustic soda solution leakages-a case study10.3208/sandf1972.34.2_13 ↗
63. Effect of alkali solutions on the swell behavior of soils with different mineralogy. GeoFlorida 2010: advances in analysis, modeling and design, Florida, GSP199
64. Roberto · 2016 · 116
65. Synthesis of zeolite Na-A from metakaolinite revisited10.1039/ft9918703091 ↗
66. Sand · 1976
67. Building deformations caused by the leakage of chemical reagents10.1007/BF02336250 ↗
68. Thermal and structural properties of rare earth exchanged zeolites10.1007/BF01912966 ↗
69. Investigation of ground heave at ICI Mond division, Castner-Keller works, Runcorn
70. Settlement characteristics of clayey soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons10.1080/15320380802007028 ↗
71. Structural distortion due to heaving of foundation soil induced by alkali contamination
72. Kaolinite-alkali interaction and effects on basic properties10.1007/s10706-004-1661-x ↗
73. Induced swelling of kaolinitic soil in alkali solution10.3208/sandf.47.59 ↗
74. Heaving of a sand base as a consequence of the development of secondary crystal hydrate formations10.1007/BF01706704 ↗
75. Experimental investigation of the effect of high-pH solutions on the Opalinus shale and the Hammerschmiedesmectite10.1180/000985500546981 ↗
76. Characterization and differentiation of kaolinites from selected Czech deposits using infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis
77. Hydrosodalite ion exchange in saturated Ca (OH)2 solution
78. The effect of composition and temperature on the properties of fly ash and kaolinite-based geo polymers10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00025-6 ↗
79. Structure characteristics and mechanical properties of kaolinite soils. 1. Surface charges and structural characterizations10.1139/t06-026 ↗
80. Structure characteristics and mechanical properties of kaolinite soils. 1. Effects of structure on mechanical properties10.1139/t06-027 ↗
81. Synthesis and thermal decomposition of sodalites Na8[SiAlO4]6.(XO4)2, X=Cl, Mn10.1039/C39910000734 ↗
82. Chemistry of tricalcium aluminate hexahydrate relating to the Bayer industry10.1016/S0301-7516(96)00011-7 ↗
83. Preparation and dehydration behaviour of thomsonite with ideal chemical composition10.1007/BF02546558 ↗
84. Kaliophilite from fly ash: synthesis, characterization and stability10.1007/s12034-011-0375-y ↗
85. Influence of dispersant on the solubility of calcined kaolin10.1016/S0169-1317(98)00016-7 ↗
86. Influence of dispersing agents and solution conditions on the solubility of crude kaolin10.1016/j.jcis.2003.09.015 ↗
87. Effect of bauxite additives on ash sintering characteristics during the K2CO3-catalyzed steam gasification of lignite10.1039/C4RA14060E ↗