Clay bricks added with effluent sludge from paper industry: Technical, economical and environmental benefits
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Recently, it was indicated that a feasible industrial alternative to valorize the sludge obtained from the treatment of waste water effluent of paper fabrication in Europe is its use as raw material in the production of clay bricks. The present technical note is an open report, probably first in Americas, on a Brazilian industrial-scaled solution for this kind of sludge. As a novelty, the sludge was added to a mixture of clays for improved technical properties of construction bricks. Both bricks, added with 10 wt% of sludge and conventional pure clay bricks for comparison, were simultaneously fired at a relatively low temperature of 750 °C according to the ceramic fabrication procedure. The technical characterization was performed by linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical compression tests as per Brazilian standards. The brick consolidated structure was analyzed by optical microscopy. Environmental impact was evaluated by solution test and atmospheric emission by monitoring the release of SO2, NOx, TOC, CO and particulate material, according to Brazilian standards. The results showed that, owing to its composition and firing temperature, the addition of paper sludge into clay bricks contributes to a substantial reduction in price associated with a saving of 3% of fuel similar to that reported for Spanish kilns, during the industrial firing stage. The paper sludge added clay bricks attended the technical and environmental standards.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production · Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance · Concrete and Cement Materials Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (58)
Show source-provided references
1. ABNT · 2004
2. ABNT · 2004
3. ABNT · 2005
4. Utilization of paper waste sludge in the building construction industry10.1016/S0921-3449(01)00051-9 ↗
5. Production and characterization of sintered ceramics from paper mill sludge and cullet10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.037 ↗
6. Environmental quality of primary paper sludge
7. BRACELPA
8. Preparation of clinker from pulp industry wastes10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.053 ↗
9. Chemical and microbiological stability of waste sludge from paper industry intended for brick production10.1177/0734242X05053662 ↗
10. Utilization of paper sludge in clay bricks industry to obtain lightweight material: evidence from partial replacement of feldspar by paper sludge
11. CONAMA · 2012
12. Incorporation of paper sludge in clay brick formulation: ten years of industrial experience10.1016/j.clay.2015.02.027 ↗
13. Feasibility of recycling pulp and paper mill sludge in paper and board industries10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.02.005 ↗
14. Utilization of kraft pulp production residues in clay brick production10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.11.021 ↗
15. Recycling of industrial and urban wastes in brick production: a review
16. Sawdust and paper-making sludge as pore-forming agents for lightweight clay bricks
17. EBC, Brazilian Communication Agency
18. EIA, U.S.
19. European IPPC Bureau – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Sustainability in Industry, Energy and Transport
20. Paper sludge, an environmentally sound alternative source of MK-based cementitious materials. A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.007 ↗
21. Mineral phase formation on the pozzolan/lime/water system10.1016/j.clay.2008.09.013 ↗
22. Study of hydrated phases present in calcined paper sludge: metakaolinite/saturated CaO dissolution systems cured at 40°C and 28days of reaction10.1016/j.msea.2010.02.075 ↗
23. The waste situation in the pulp and pae manufacturing industry in Germany
24. Heavy metals in papermaking from waste papers: sources, destination and evaluation criteria (in German)
25. Fabrication of bricks from paper sludge and palm oil fuel ash
26. Additives in the brick and tile industry
27. Use of industrial wastes with combustible components in brick and tile industry
28. A novel method to reuse paper sludge and co-generation ashes form paper mill10.1016/S0304-3894(97)00123-4 ↗
29. Likon · 2012 · 63
30. Estimating the embodied energy in ceramic bricks, blocks and tile production materials in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (in Portuguese)
31. Fast firing of tiles containing paper mill sludge, glass cullet and clay10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.016 ↗
32. Construction materials as a waste management for cellulose sludge10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.017 ↗
33. Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.002 ↗
34. Characterization of clays from Campos dos Goytacazes, North Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil)
35. Solid state sintering of red ceramics at lower temperatures10.1016/S0272-8842(03)00120-2 ↗
36. On the production of fired clay bricks from waste materials: a critical update10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.006 ↗
37. Mymrin · 2009 · 1
38. National Academy of Sciences · 1999 · 129
39. Development of highly reactive metakaolin from paper sludge10.1016/S1065-7355(97)00016-3 ↗
40. Pinheiro · 2008 · 1 · 1157
41. Reuse of recycle paper mill in energy absorbing light weight bricks10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.053 ↗
42. Utilization of recycled paper mill residue and rice husk ash in production of light weight bricks10.1016/j.acme.2012.12.006 ↗
43. Alternative materials in brick making – UK perspective
44. Materials from alternative, recycled and secondary sources (MARSS) 2005–2010: a review of the use of non-primary clay raw materials in the UK brick manufacturing sector
45. The use of recycled paper processing residue in making porous brick with reduced thermal conductivity10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.02.027 ↗
46. Thermal performance optimization of hollow clay bricks made up of paper waste10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.006 ↗
47. Environmentally acceptable use of paper mill sludge in the building industry
48. Reuse of sludge from paper industry in the production of clay bricks (in Italian)
49. The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: a review10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00060-2 ↗
50. Usherson · 1992 · 95
51. Incorporation of solid wastes in red ceramics – an updated review
52. Incorporation of fine steel sludge into red ceramics10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.040 ↗
53. Characteristics of clays and properties of building ceramics in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.006 ↗
54. Walter
55. Hydrophobic concrete using waste paper sludge ash10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.01.005 ↗
56. Life-cycle operational and embodied energy for a generic single-storey office building in the UK10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00061-5 ↗
57. Re-use of papermaking sludge in brick production
58. Production of bricks form waste materials – a review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.043 ↗