Phosphate-modified biochar- mineral-based composites for heavy metal removal in acidic environments: Development and efficiency
Source abstract
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of biochar, including its reduced adsorption capacity under high-concentration and low-pH conditions and its susceptibility to oxidation, a dual strategy was employed by integrating surface phosphate modification with external mineral loading. Using response surface methodology, a Green Mixed Design Phosphate-Modified Biochar- Mineral based Composite (GMDPC) was systematically developed. This composite exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for heavy metals such as copper and lead under acidic conditions, along with enhanced antioxidant properties compared to phosphate-modified biochar alone. Advanced characterization techniques, including SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR, verified GMDPC`s ability to effectively capture and retain heavy metals in low-pH environments. Adsorption performance evaluations indicated that GMDPC significantly outperformed pure biochar, phosphate-modified biochar, and individual or combined clay minerals, maintaining high efficiency even at extreme pH levels of 0 and 2. Mechanistic studies revealed a combination of multi-layer and single-layer adsorption, highlighting the synergistic interaction between clay minerals and biochar in immobilizing heavy metals.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal · Phosphorus and nutrient management · Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
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