Effect of alkali-activated metakaolin cement on compressive strength of mortars
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This paper reports the compressive strength and microstructure characteristic of alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) cement under two curing methods. MK was used to replace part of Portland cement (PC) at 70, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100% by mass of binder. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as activating agents (Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio of 0.67). NaOH with 10 molar concentrations, liquid alkali/binder ratio of 0.8 and water base was used. Mortar and paste specimens were cured at 23 ± 2°C (55% RH) and 60°C (95% RH). The results indicated that calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) phases were detected by thermogravimetry (TGA). Setting time and drying shrinkage decreased when metakaolin replacement level increased, the compressive strength of alkali-activated metakaolin cement increased with the increase of PC content and increased with temperature. The curing of specimens at 60°C (95% RH) enhanced the compressive strength, matrices appeared denser than when cured at 23 ± 2°C (55% RH) and phases of (C, N)-A-S-H gel and or C–S–H gel can be seen clearly.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (46)
Show source-provided references
1. Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 ↗
2. Effect of cure temperature on the formation of metakaolinite-based geopolymer
3. ASTM Standard · 2004
4. ASTM Standard · 2005
5. ASTM Standard · 2009
6. Metakaolin as a main cement constituent. Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.007 ↗
7. Compressive strength and hydration of wastepaper sludge ash–ground granulated blastfurnace slag blended pastes10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00042-5 ↗
8. Thermal behaviour of inorganic geopolymers and composites derived from sodium polysialate10.1016/S0025-5408(02)01022-X ↗
9. Synthesis and characterisation of materials based on inorganic polymers of alumina and silica: sodium polysialate polymers10.1016/S1466-6049(00)00041-6 ↗
10. Use of geopolymeric cements as a refractory adhesive for metal and ceramic joins
11. Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.049 ↗
12. Effect of curing temperature on geopolymerization of metakaolin-based geopolymers10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.024 ↗
13. Durability of mortars modified with metakaolin10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00090-5 ↗
14. Synthesis of new high temperature geo-polymers for reinforced plastics/composites
15. Geopolymers - inorganic polymeric new materials10.1007/BF01912193 ↗
16. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z ↗
17. New cementitious materials based on alkali-activated fly ash: performance at high temperatures10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02625.x ↗
18. Industrially interesting approaches to “low-CO2” cements10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.01.021 ↗
19. Improving strength, drying shrinkage, and pore structure of concrete using metakaolin10.1617/s11527-007-9296-z ↗
20. On the development of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete
21. Effect of curing profile on kaolin-based geopolymers10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.048 ↗
22. Solidification of various radioactive residues by geopolymer with special emphasis on long-termstability
23. Modification of phase evolution in alkali-activated blast furnace slag by the incorporation of fly ash10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.006 ↗
24. Early stages hydration of high initial strength Portland cement10.1007/s10973-012-2256-z ↗
25. Influence of metakaolin characteristics on the mechanical properties of geopolymers10.1016/j.clay.2013.08.023 ↗
26. Comparison of inorganic and organic matrices for strengthening of RC beams with carbon sheets10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:1(35) ↗
27. Mehta · 2006
28. Use of geopolymers for composite external reinforcement of RC members10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.019 ↗
29. The effect of temperature on the geopolymerization process of a metakaolin-based geopolymer10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.049 ↗
30. Thermogravimetry analysis, compressive strength and thermal conductivity tests of non-autoclaved aerated Portland cement–fly ash–silica fume concrete10.1007/s10973-015-4724-8 ↗
31. Use of PC to improve setting and early strength properties of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.08.008 ↗
32. Neville · 1995
33. Alkali-activated fly ashes: a cement for the future10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00243-9 ↗
34. Influence of curing conditions on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer containing Portland cement as additive10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.018 ↗
35. Micromechanical characterization of metakaolin-based geopolymers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.081 ↗
36. Alkali-activated geopolymers: a literature review
37. Use of glass waste as an activator in the preparation of alkali-activated slag. Mechanical strength and paste characterization10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.12.005 ↗
38. A model for the C-A-S-H gel formed in alkali-activated slag cements10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.04.036 ↗
39. Alkali-activated metakaolin: a short guide for civil engineer – an overview10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.030 ↗
40. Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.023 ↗
41. Durability of alkali activated cement produced from kaolinitic clay10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.037 ↗
42. NaOH-activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.018 ↗
43. Thermal properties of novel binary geopolymers based on metakaolin and alternative silica sources10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.005 ↗
44. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of alkali-activated slag–fly ash–metakaolin cementitious materials10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.01.016 ↗
45. Thermogravimetry of ternary cement blends: effect of different curing methods10.1007/s10973-013-3017-3 ↗
46. The geopolymerisation of alumino-silicate minerals10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5 ↗