Thermally treated clay sediments as geopolymer source material
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The management of reservoirs for water supply is a great environmental problem, since regular de-silting operations produce huge quantities of sediments. Among the recycling possibilities, the use of clay sediments for the manufacture of geopolymer-based materials seems to be an interesting alternative to disposal, due to their low cost and easy availability. In particular, two sediments, coming from reservoirs located in Southern Italy, were firstly characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermogravimetry, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 27 Al and 29 Si Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy. The reactivity of raw and thermally treated clay sediments in alkaline media was also investigated. Finally, geopolymeric samples were produced and chemically, physically and mechanically characterized. The results showed that the calcined clay sediments can be suitable source materials in polycondensation reactions and that the increase of the calcination temperature from 400 to 750 °C resulted in an increased reactivity. Moreover, good mechanical properties were obtained by all the geopolymers prepared with heat-treated sediments.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Clay minerals and soil interactions · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (70)
Show source-provided references
1. Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals V — extension of the research and general conclusions10.1016/0008-8846(85)90037-7 ↗
2. Hydration of synthetic binders obtained by thermal activation of montmorillonite
3. Coal fly ash as raw material for the manufacture of geopolymer based products10.1016/j.wasman.2007.02.001 ↗
4. Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.005 ↗
5. Synthesis and characterisation of materials based on inorganic polymers of alumina and silica: sodium polysialate polymers10.1016/S1466-6049(00)00041-6 ↗
6. Study of the pozzolanity of some bricks and clays10.1016/S0950-0618(96)00032-3 ↗
7. Reservoir rehabilitation by the sediment evacuation pipeline system and sediment utilization as raw material for the cement industry
8. Effect of type, form and dosage of activators on strength of alkali-activated natural pozzolans10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.10.021 ↗
9. Effect of adding mineral additives to alkali-activated natural pozzolan paste10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.031 ↗
10. Box · 1978
11. Geopolymer synthesis using silica fume and sodium aluminate10.1007/s10853-006-0376-1 ↗
12. What are geopolymers? Current state of research and technology, the opportunities they offer, and their significance for the precast industry
13. The suitability of thermal activated illite/smectite clay as raw material for geopolymer binders10.1016/j.clay.2009.08.026 ↗
14. Solid-state NMR characterisation of the thermal transformation of a Hungarian white illite10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.04.001 ↗
15. A preliminary study of reservoir sludge as a raw material of inorganic polymer10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.05.006 ↗
16. Study on the characteristics of building bricks produced from reservoir sediment10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.046 ↗
17. Optimization of geopolymer synthesis by calcination and polycondensation of a kaolinitic residue10.1016/S0921-3449(03)00023-5 ↗
18. Criscenti · Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta · 2005 · 69 · 220510.1016/j.gca.2004.10.020 ↗
19. Solid phase synthesis of a mineral blockpolymer by low temperature polycondensation of aluminosilicate polymers
20. Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials10.1007/BF01912193 ↗
21. Geopolymer cement to minimize carbon-dioxide greenhouse warming
22. Global warming impact on the cement and aggregates industries
23. Chemistry of geopolymeric systems, terminology
24. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z ↗
25. The thermal decomposition (dehydroxylation) of clays
26. Mechanical performances of weathered coal fly ash based geopolymer bricks10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2073 ↗
27. Use of reservoir clay sediments as raw materials for geopolymer binders10.1179/1743676112Y.0000000064 ↗
28. Application-oriented chemical optimization of a metakaolin based geopolymer10.3390/ma6051920 ↗
29. The composition range of aluminosilicate geopolymers10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.06.001 ↗
30. Clay minerals in sediments of Portuguese reservoirs and their significance as weathering products from over-eroded soils: a comparative study of the Maranhão, Monte Novo and Divor Reservoirs (South Portugal)10.1007/s00531-009-0488-3 ↗
31. Fraay · 1990
32. Simple mechanistic models for inhibition of a dissolution reaction10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00036-2 ↗
33. Compatibility studies between N-A.S-H and C-A-S-H gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006 ↗
34. Thermal stability and pozzolanic activity of calcined kaolin10.1016/0169-1317(94)90018-3 ↗
35. Pozzolanic reactions of six principal clay minerals: activation, reactivity assessments and technological effects10.1016/0008-8846(95)00165-4 ↗
36. Thermal stability and pozzolanic activity of calcined illite10.1016/0169-1317(94)00033-M ↗
37. Thermal stability and pozzolanic activity of raw and calcined mixed-layer mica/smectite10.1016/S0169-1317(00)00011-9 ↗
38. Thermally modified clay minerals
39. Thermal treatment of kaolin: the effect of mineralogy on the pozzolanic activity10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00040-0 ↗
40. An experimental study of illite dissolution kinetics as a function of pH from 1.4 to 12.4 and temperature from 5 to 50°C10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00163-7 ↗
41. Effects of CaO addition on lightweight aggregates produced from water reservoir sediment10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.034 ↗
42. Effects of heat treatment on the physical properties of lightweight aggregate from water reservoir sediment10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.04.122 ↗
43. Kaolinit und Montmorillonit als puzzolanische Komponenten in Kalkmörteln
44. Comparative study of the effects of thermal and mechanical treatments on the structures of clay minerals10.1007/BF01983697 ↗
45. Recycling of clay sediments for geopolymer binder production. A new perspective for reservoir management in the framework of Italian legislation: The Occhito Reservoir Case Study10.3390/ma7085603 ↗
46. MAS-NMR studies of geopolymer heat-treated for applications in biomaterials field10.1007/s10853-006-0524-7 ↗
47. Physical, chemical and mechanical characterization of geopolymers
48. Alkali-activated fly ashes — a cement for the future10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00243-9 ↗
49. Dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals and by-products in alkaline media10.1007/s10853-006-0531-8 ↗
50. Geopolymerisation kinetics. 2. Reaction kinetic modelling10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.028 ↗
51. 29Si and 27A1 magic angle-spinning NMR studies of the thermal transformation of kaolinite10.1007/BF00199671 ↗
52. Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00092-5 ↗
53. Microstructure of sodium polysialate siloxo geopolymer10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.06.006 ↗
54. NMR study of Q-speciation and connectivity in K2O–SiO2 glasses with high silica content10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.071 ↗
55. Thermal behavior of calcite as expansive agent10.2298/JMMB1101089S ↗
56. Structural studies of geopolymers by 29Si and 27 Al Magic Angle-NMR10.1007/s10853-005-1915-x ↗
57. High-resolution silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of rock-forming silicate
58. Production of synthetic lightweight aggregate using reservoir sediments for concrete and masonry10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.10.008 ↗
59. Solid-state NMR study of geopolymer prepared by sol–gel chemistry10.1016/j.jssc.2010.10.008 ↗
60. Determination of structural modification in acid activated montmorillonite clay by FT-IR spectroscopy10.1016/j.saa.2005.07.018 ↗
61. Effect of the alkali metal activator on the properties of fly-ash-based geopolymers10.1021/ie980804b ↗
62. Dissolution processes, hydrolysis and condensation reactions during geopolymer synthesis: part I — low Si/Al ratio systems10.1007/s10853-006-0820-2 ↗
63. Revising the Pareto chart10.1198/000313006X152243 ↗
64. Assessment of phase formation in alkali activated low and high calcium fly ashes in building materials10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.11.007 ↗
65. The dissolution rates of natural glasses as a function of their composition at pH4 and 10.6, and temperatures from 25 to 74°C10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.027 ↗
66. The geopolymerisation of alumino-silicate minerals10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5 ↗
67. Geopolymerisation of multiple minerals10.1016/S0892-6875(02)00255-8 ↗
68. Effect of calcium silicate sources on geopolymerization10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.11.001 ↗
69. Preparation of geopolymer precursors by sol–gel method and their characterization10.1007/s10853-009-3549-x ↗
70. Geopolymers from Algerian metakaolin. Influence of secondary minerals10.1016/j.clay.2008.11.001 ↗