Insights into black phosphorus-based nanomaterials for bone therapy: From construction strategies to functions and beyond

Bone-related diseases caused by fractures, bone infection, bone cancer, and so on have posed a serious threat to human health. The drawbacks of traditional bone implants are gradually being solved through the design and construction of nanomaterials. Among them, black phosphorus (BP) is widely adopted in bone therapy due to its excellent photo-responsiveness, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which is considered as a promising solution strategy. This latest review is intended to provide an elaborate introduction of recent advances of BP-contained nanomaterials for bone therapy, which covers topics from the construction strategies classified by the types of osteogenic material, including 3D printing scaffolds, hydrogels, fibrous materials, and others, as well as the research works of the function of BP in bone therapy are also discussed. Finally, the current status and future prospects of BP-based nanomaterials in bone therapy are summarized to provide reference for further research works and applications.