Modulating above-room-temperature magnetism in Ga-implanted Fe5GeTe2 van der Waals magnets
Source abstract
Abstract
The creation of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets with tunable Curie temperature (TC) and magnetic anisotropy is essential in developing vdW magnet-based devices. Here, we report an effective and reliable method for modulating the magnetic properties of vdW Fe5GeTe2 by site-specific Ga+ implantation. In this study, we report an easy axis in the ab-plane for bulk Fe5GeTe2 (TC = 310 K) and an axis out of the plane for thin Fe5GeTe2 flakes (TC = 290 K). Combining element-resolved photoemission electron microscopy and spatially resolved magneto-optic Kerr microscopy, we find that the implantation of a tiny amount of 10−3 Ga+·Å−3 in Fe5GeTe2 greatly enhances the TC from 290 to 360 K and switches the magnetic easy axis from the out-of-plane c axis to the ab-plane. The room-temperature x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal is enhanced from 0% to 9% at an implantation level of 10−2 Ga+·Å−3. These results provide new opportunities for tailoring the magnetic properties of vdW materials beyond room temperature.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · Topological Materials and Phenomena · Heusler alloys: electronic and magnetic properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University 2 , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3 , Dalian, China
Department of Physics, University of California 4 , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
School of Materials Science and Engineering Department, Anhui University 5 , Hefei 230601, China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities · the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative · Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS · Open Funds of Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit10.1038/nature22391 ↗
2. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals10.1038/nature22060 ↗
3. The magnetic genome of two-dimensional van der Waals materials10.1021/acsnano.1c09150 ↗
4. Magnetic properties of layered itinerant electron ferromagnet Fe3GeTe210.7566/jpsj.82.124711 ↗
5. Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe210.1063/1.4961592 ↗
6. Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe210.1038/s41467-018-04018-w ↗
7. Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe210.1038/s41563-018-0149-7 ↗
8. Ferromagnetism near room temperature in the cleavable van der Waals crystal Fe5GeTe210.1021/acsnano.8b09660 ↗
9. The van der Waals ferromagnets Fe5−δGeTe2and Fe5−δ−xNixGeTe2—Crystal structure, stacking faults, and magnetic properties10.1002/zaac.201800456 ↗
10. Physical properties and thermal stability of Fe5−xGeTe2 single crystals10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.104401 ↗
11. Nearly room temperature ferromagnetism in a magnetic metal-rich van der Waals metal10.1126/sciadv.aay8912 ↗
12. Itinerant ferromagnetism in van der Waals Fe5−xGeTe2 crystals above room temperature10.1103/physrevb.102.064417 ↗
13. Magnetism and spin dynamics in room-temperature van der Waals magnet Fe5GeTe210.1088/2053-1583/ac2028 ↗
14. Gate-controlled magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet Fe5GeTe210.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01108 ↗
15. Continuous manipulation of magnetic anisotropy in a van der Waals ferromagnet via electrical gating10.1038/s41928-022-00882-z ↗
16. Enhancement of coercive field in atomically-thin quenched Fe5GeTe2 you may also like revealing room temperature ferromagnetism in exfoliated Fe5GeTe2 flakes with quantum magnetic imaging emerging intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional materials: Theory and applications10.35848/1882-0786/ab7f18 ↗
17. Layer-dependent magnetic domains in atomically thin Fe5GeTe210.1021/acsnano.2c01948 ↗
18. Layer-number-dependent magnetism and anomalous Hall effect in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5GeTe210.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02696 ↗
19. Controlling exchange interactions and emergent magnetic phenomena in layered 3d-orbital ferromagnets10.1002/apxr.202200106 ↗
20. Magnetic anisotropy control with Curie temperature above 400 K in a van der Waals ferromagnet for spintronic device10.1002/adma.202201209 ↗
21. Strain-sensitive magnetization reversal of a van der Waals magnet10.1002/adma.202004533 ↗
22. Room-temperature van der Waals perpendicular ferromagnet through interlayer magnetic coupling10.1103/physrevapplied.17.l051001 ↗
23. Above room-temperature ferromagnetism in wafer-scale two-dimensional van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 tailored by a topological insulator10.1021/acsnano.0c03152 ↗
24. Tuning magnetic order in the van der Waals metal Fe5GeTe2 by cobalt substitution10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.074008 ↗
25. Tunable magnetic properties in van der Waals crystals (Fe1−xCox)5GeTe210.1063/5.0006337 ↗
26. Room-temperature skyrmion lattice in a layered magnet (Fe0.5Co0.5)5GeTe210.1126/sciadv.abm7103 ↗
27. Pervasive beyond room-temperature ferromagnetism in a doped van der Waals magnet10.1103/physrevlett.128.217203 ↗
28. Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe210.1038/s41586-018-0626-9 ↗
29. Gate-tuned interlayer coupling in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 nanoflakes10.1103/physrevlett.125.047202 ↗
30. Decomposition-induced room-temperature magnetism of the Na-intercalated layered ferromagnet Fe3–xiGeTe210.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01287 ↗
31. Tuning the room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe5GeTe2 by arsenic substitution10.1088/2053-1583/ac34d9 ↗
32. Patterning-induced ferromagnetism of Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals materials beyond room temperature10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02806 ↗
33. Highly enhanced Curie temperature in Ga-implanted Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals material10.1002/qute.202000017 ↗
34. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance system and methods for ultrathin magnetic films10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.12.032 ↗
35. Surface modification of multilayer FePS3 by Ga ion irradiation10.1038/s41598-019-51714-8 ↗
36. Toward two-dimensional all-carbon heterostructures via ion beam patterning of single-layer graphene10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02063 ↗
37. Precise tuning of skyrmion density in a controllable manner by ion irradiation10.1021/acsami.2c07268 ↗
38. The structural and compositional changes of graphene oxide induced by irradiation with 500 keV helium and gallium ions10.1002/pssb.201800409 ↗
39. Interface electronic structures of BaTiO3 @ X nanoparticles (X = γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and Fe) investigated by XAS and XMCD10.1103/physrevb.79.033402 ↗
40. Applications of photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) in magnetism research10.1016/S1359-0286(03)00003-2 ↗
41. Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect10.1063/1.1150496 ↗
42. Electrostatic gating and intercalation in 2D materials10.1038/s41578-022-00473-6 ↗
43. Controlling the magnetic anisotropy in Cr2Ge2Te6 by electrostatic gating10.1038/s41928-020-0427-7 ↗
44. Transition from ferromagnetic semiconductor to ferromagnetic metal with enhanced Curie temperature in Cr2Ge2Te6 via organic ion intercalation10.1021/jacs.9b06929 ↗
45. Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping10.1038/s41565-018-0135-x ↗
46. Variation between antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism in NiPS3 by electron doping10.1002/adfm.202112750 ↗
47. Highly efficient uniaxial in-plane stretching of a 2D material via ion insertion10.1002/adma.202101875 ↗
48. Recent progress in strain engineering on van der Waals 2D materials: Tunable electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical properties10.1002/adma.202205714 ↗
49. Above-room-temperature strong intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals Fe3GaTe2 with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy10.1038/s41467-022-32605-5 ↗