journal article·2015-01-01Open access

Mediating conducting polymer growth within hydrogels by controlling nucleation

A. J. Patton, R. A. Green, L. A. Poole-Warren

APL Materials· Volume 3· Issue 1

Abstract

This study examines the efficacy of primary and secondary nucleation for electrochemical polymerisation of conductive polymers within poly(vinyl alcohol) methacrylate hydrogels. The two methods of nucleation investigated were a primary heterogeneous mechanism via introduction of conductive bulk metallic glass (Mg64Zn30Ca5Na1) particles and a secondary mechanism via introduction of “pre-polymerised” conducting polymer within the hydrogel (PEDOT:PSS). Evidence of nucleation was not seen in the bulk metallic glass loaded gels, however, the PEDOT:PSS loaded gels produced charge storage capacities over 15 mC/cm2 when sufficient polymer was loaded. These studies support the hypothesis that secondary nucleation is an efficient approach to producing stand-alone conducting hydrogels.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Conducting polymers and applications · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. Effect of immobilized nerve growth factor on conductive polymers: Electrical properties and cellular response10.1002/adfm.200500594 ↗
2. Biomaterials conducting polymers for neural interfaces: Challenges in developing an effective long-term implant10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.047 ↗
3. Stiffness quantification of conductive polymers for bioelectrodes10.1002/polb.23465 ↗
4. Highly conductive stretchable and biocompatible electrode-hydrogel hybrids for advanced tissue engineering10.1002/adhm.201400209 ↗
5. Thin film hydrophilic electroactive polymer coatings for bioelectrodes10.1039/c3tb20152j ↗
6. Conductive hydrogels: Mechanically robust hybrids for use as biomaterials10.1002/mabi.201100490 ↗
7. Nucleation and growth mechanism of electro-synthesized poly(pyrrole) on steel10.1016/S1452-3981(23)14458-0 ↗
8. Conducting polymer nanocomposites: A brief overview10.1021/cm990537f ↗
9. Synthesis and properties of a mechanically strong poly (bithiophene) composite polymer containing a polyelectrolyte dopant10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00277-5 ↗
10. MOCVD of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 on GaAs substrates for thin-film thermoelectric applications10.1166/jnn.2006.002. ↗
11. Applications of conducting polymers and their issues in biomedical engineering10.1098/rsif.2010.0120.focus ↗
12. Flexible all-polymer microelectrode arrays for the capture of cardiac and neuronal signals10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.014 ↗
13. Polymers nucleation and growth mechanism: Solubility, a determining factor10.1016/S1452-3981(23)16264-X ↗
14. Next generation nerve guides: Materials, fabrication, growth factors, and cell delivery10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0498 ↗
15. Conductive hydrogels with tailored bioactivity for implantable electrode coatings10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.032 ↗
16. Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition10.1038/nmat3001 ↗
17. Conducting polymer–hydrogel composites for electrochemical release devices: Synthesis and characterization of semi-interpenetrating polyaniline–polyacrylamide networks10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.027 ↗
18. Early stages of nucleation and growth in melt crystallized polyethylene10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.054 ↗
19. Conducting polymer colloids10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80007-0 ↗
20. An electrically conducting polymer/graphene composite with a very low percolation threshold10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.001 ↗
21. Ca-Mg-Zn bulk metallic glasses as bioresorbable metals10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.009 ↗
22. Influence of device geometry on sensor characteristics of planar organic electrochemical transistors10.1002/adma.200902329 ↗
23. Electrical characteristics of ink-jet printed, all-polymer electrochemical transistors10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.010 ↗
24. Development of bioactive conducting polymers for neural interfaces10.1586/erd.09.58 ↗
25. Thermo-sensitive IPN hydrogels composed of PNIPAAm gels supported on alginate- Ca2+ with LCST tailored close to human body temperature10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.06.002 ↗
26. Electrically conducting PEDOT: PSS - gellan gum hydrogels10.1557/opl.2013.1101 ↗
27. Bioactive conducting polymers for neural interfaces application to vision prosthesis
28. Networks of electron-conducting polymer in matrices of ion-conducting polymers applications to fast electrodes10.1149/1.1391005 ↗
29. Polypyrrole films from aqueous electrolytes: The effect of anions upon order10.1149/1.2100383 ↗
30. Enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer matrix composite via high solids loading of aluminum nitride in epoxy resin10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02247.x ↗