journal article·2023-08-01Open access

Excitonic and deep-level emission from N- and Al-polar homoepitaxial AlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy

L. van Deurzen, J. Singhal, J. Encomendero, N. Pieczulewski, C. S. Chang, Y. Cho, D. A. Muller, H. G. Xing, D. Jena, O. Brandt, J. Lähnemann

APL Materials· Volume 11· Issue 8

Abstract

Using low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we study the properties of N- and Al-polar AlN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bulk AlN{0001}. Compared with the bulk AlN substrate, layers of both polarities feature a suppression of deep-level luminescence, a total absence of the prevalent donor with an exciton binding energy of 28 meV, and a much increased intensity of the emission from free excitons. The dominant donor in these layers is characterized by an associated exciton binding energy of 13 meV. The observation of excited exciton states up to the exciton continuum allows us to directly extract the Γ5 free exciton binding energy of 57 meV.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials · Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies · Ga2O3 and related materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University 2 , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University 3 , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University 5 , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. 6 , 10117 Berlin, Germany

Funding

National Science Foundation · Air Force Office of Scientific Research

References (70)

Show source-provided references
1. Ueber das Stickstoffmagnesium und die Affinitäten des Stickgases zu Metallen10.1002/jlac.18621230212 ↗
2. Piezoelectric materials parameters for piezoelectric thin films in GHz applications10.1017/s1759078709000038 ↗
3. Record >10 MV/cm mesa breakdown fields in Al0.85Ga0.15N/Al0.6Ga0.4N high electron mobility transistors on native AlN substrates10.1063/5.0083966 ↗
4. High figure of merit extreme bandgap Al0.87Ga0.13N-Al0.64Ga0.36N heterostructures over bulk AlN substrates10.35848/1882-0786/acb487 ↗
5. Experimental observation of high intrinsic thermal conductivity of AlN10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.044602 ↗
6. Overview of band-edge and defect related luminescence in aluminum nitride10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.05.055 ↗
7. Bandgap and exciton binding energies of hexagonal boron nitride probed by photocurrent excitation spectroscopy10.1063/1.4963128 ↗
8. Prospects for wide bandgap and ultrawide bandgap CMOS devices10.1109/ted.2020.3010471 ↗
9. First RF power operation of AlN/GaN/AlN HEMTs with >3 A/mm and 3 W/mm at 10 GHz10.1109/jeds.2020.3042050 ↗
10. N-polar GaN/AlGaN/AlN high electron mobility transistors on single-crystal bulk AlN substrates10.1063/5.0138939 ↗
11. The 2020 UV emitter roadmap10.1088/1361-6463/aba64c ↗
12. A 271.8 nm deep-ultraviolet laser diode for room temperature operation10.7567/1882-0786/ab50e0 ↗
13. Key temperature-dependent characteristics of AlGaN-based UV-C laser diode and demonstration of room-temperature continuous-wave lasing10.1063/5.0124480 ↗
14. Optically pumped deep-UV multimode lasing in AlGaN double heterostructure grown by molecular beam homoepitaxy10.1063/5.0085365 ↗
15. 1976
16. Below bandgap photoluminescence of an AlN crystal: Co-Existence of two different charging states of a defect center10.1063/5.0012685 ↗
17. High-excitation and high-resolution photoluminescence spectra of bulk AlN10.1103/physrevb.82.075208 ↗
18. Excitonic emission dynamics in homoepitaxial AlN films studied using polarized and spatio-time-resolved cathodoluminescence measurements10.1063/1.4823826 ↗
19. Optical signatures of silicon and oxygen related DX centers in AlN10.1002/pssa.201600749 ↗
20. Stimulated emission mechanism of aluminum nitride10.1103/physrevb.105.205206 ↗
21. Homoepitaxy and photoluminescence properties of (0001) AlN10.1143/apex.5.082001 ↗
22. Photoluminescence of highly excited AlN: Biexcitons and exciton-exciton scattering10.1063/1.3186044 ↗
23. Sharp bound and free exciton lines from homoepitaxial AlN10.1002/pssa.201000947 ↗
24. Major impacts of point defects and impurities on the carrier recombination dynamics in AlN10.1063/1.3517484 ↗
25. Exciton transitions and oxygen as a donor in m-plane AlN homoepitaxial films10.1063/1.4870284 ↗
26. Spin-exchange splitting of excitons in GaN10.1103/physrevb.64.115201 ↗
27. Optical identification of silicon as a shallow donor in MOVPE grown homoepitaxial AlN10.1002/pssb.201100381 ↗
28. Optical properties of N-polar GaN: The possible role of nitrogen vacancy-related defects10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150734 ↗
29. Effects of polarization charge on the photovoltaic properties of InGaN solar cells: Effects of polarization charge on photovoltaic properties of InGaN solar cells10.1002/pssa.201026489 ↗
30. N-polar III–nitride green (540 nm) light emitting diode10.7567/jjap.50.052101 ↗
31. Characteristics of polarization-doped N-face III-nitride light-emitting diodes10.1063/1.3687181 ↗
32. Effect of internal electric field in well layer of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes on efficiency droop10.7567/jjap.51.100201 ↗
33. N-polar GaN epitaxy and high electron mobility transistors10.1088/0268-1242/28/7/074009 ↗
34. Efficient carrier relaxation and fast carrier recombination of N-polar InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes10.1063/1.4927421 ↗
35. Enhanced efficiency in bottom tunnel junction InGaN blue LEDs10.1117/12.2582439 ↗
36. Blue (In,Ga)N light-emitting diodes with buried n+–p+ tunnel junctions by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy10.7567/1347-4065/ab1e78 ↗
37. Enhanced injection efficiency and light output in bottom tunnel-junction light-emitting diodes10.1364/oe.384021 ↗
38. Light-emitting diodes with AlN polarization-induced buried tunnel junctions: A second look10.1063/5.0015097 ↗
39. Bottom tunnel junction blue light-emitting field-effect transistors10.1063/5.0009430 ↗
40. Molecular beam homoepitaxy on bulk AlN enabled by aluminum-assisted surface cleaning10.1063/1.5143968 ↗
41. Surface control and MBE growth diagram for homoepitaxy on single-crystal AlN substrates10.1063/5.0010813 ↗
42. Molecular beam homoepitaxy of N-polar AlN on bulk AlN substrates10.1063/5.0100225 ↗
43. Molecular beam homoepitaxy of N-polar AlN: Enabling role of aluminum-assisted surface cleaning10.1126/sciadv.abo6408 ↗
44. J. Lähnemann , J. F.Orri, E.Prestat, H. W.Ånes, D.Johnstone, and N.Tappy, “Lumispy v0.2.1,” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640445
45. Asymmetry of adsorption of oxygen at Wurtzite AlN (0001) and (0001̄) surfaces: First-principles calculations10.1103/physrevb.77.033302 ↗
46. Effects of surface reconstructions on oxygen adsorption at AlN polar surfaces10.1209/0295-5075/89/56004 ↗
47. Band structure and fundamental optical transitions in wurtzite AlN10.1063/1.1633965 ↗
48. Unified theory of symmetry-breaking effects on excitons in cubic and Wurtzite structures10.1103/physrevb.14.4463 ↗
49. Negative spin-exchange splitting in the exciton fine structure of AlN10.1063/1.4790645 ↗
50. Long-range electron-hole exchange interaction in aluminum nitride10.1103/physrevb.102.155202 ↗
51. In-plane optical polarization and dynamic properties of the near-band-edge emission of an m-plane freestanding AlN substrate and a homoepitaxial film10.1063/1.5116900 ↗
52. Huge electron-hole exchange interaction in aluminum nitride10.1103/physrevb.87.161204 ↗
53. Splitting of exciton lines in Wurtzite-type II-VI crystals by uniaxial stress10.1103/physrevlett.20.50 ↗
54. Strain-induced splitting and polarization of excitons due to exchange interaction10.1103/physrevlett.20.916 ↗
55. Lattice parameters of AlN bulk, homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial material10.1088/0022-3727/49/17/175108 ↗
56. Direct determination of the silicon donor ionization energy in homoepitaxial AlN from photoluminescence two-electron transitions10.1063/1.4821183 ↗
57. The adsorption of oxygen at GaN surfaces10.1063/1.123658 ↗
58. Comparison of the luminous efficiencies of Ga- and N-polar InxGa1−xN/InyGa1−yN quantum wells grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy10.1103/physrevapplied.6.034017 ↗
59. Luminescent N-polar (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells achieved by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at temperatures exceeding 700 °C10.1063/1.5009184 ↗
60. Interface recombination in Ga- and N-polar GaN/(Al,Ga)N quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044030 ↗
61. Temperature dependence of excitonic transitions in a-plane AlN epitaxial layers10.1063/1.3116183 ↗
62. Anisotropy of excitons in semiconductors10.1007/bf02710415 ↗
63. Hyperspherical theory of anisotropic exciton10.1063/1.1286772 ↗
64. Excitonic states and their wave functions in anisotropic materials: A computation using the finite-element method and its application to AlN10.1002/pssb.201100142 ↗
65. Effects of strong electron–hole exchange and exciton–phonon interactions on the exciton binding energy of aluminum nitride10.7567/jjap.53.091001 ↗
66. Phonon dispersion and Raman scattering in hexagonal GaN and AlN10.1103/physrevb.58.12899 ↗
67. Spatially resolved thermodynamics of the partially ionized exciton gas in GaAs10.1103/physrevlett.114.227402 ↗
68. Carrier diffusion in GaN: A cathodoluminescence study. I. Temperature-Dependent generation volume10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024017 ↗
69. Monte Carlo algorithm for hot phonons in polar semiconductors10.1063/1.97925 ↗
70. Correct determination of low-temperature free-exciton diffusion profiles in GaAs10.1103/physrevb.92.121201 ↗