Bioelectronics with graphene nanostructures

Bioelectronic devices enable fundamental physiological and electrophysiological research, healthcare monitoring, and advanced therapeutics. To meet the demanding device requirements imposed by biomedical applications, graphene-based electronics offer a promising alternative to conventional bioelectronic device materials in an all-carbon platform. Continued advancements in graphene nanostructure synthesis and micro-fabrication techniques allow novel device architectures with vastly tunable physiochemical properties. Here, we highlight recent advances in graphene nanostructure-based bioelectronics. We distinguish between various material geometries and discuss their effect on device performance. Furthermore, we emphasize the continued development of fundamental relationships between 3D device geometries and material properties to allow next-generation bioelectronics for biosensing, electrophysiological recordings, and stimulation.