Strategies to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite nanorod-based photoanodes

An overview on the recent progress in experimental strategies used to improve the photoelectrochemical response of hematite nanorod-based photoanodes for solar water splitting is provided. Emerging areas are identified that will require attention as the search continues for stable and efficient visible-light driven water oxidation systems that exploit the rational construction of different interface junctions. Increasing efforts have been focused on enhancing the performance of hematite-based photoanodes via morphology control, element doping, co-catalysts, surface modification, heterojunction construction, and via a combination between them. Particular attention has been given to heterojunctions, as these structures are more likely to utilize the benefits provided by combining elements with distinct properties, exhibiting functional behavior at the interfacial region, and increasing solar energy conversion by synergistic effects.