Investigation of the hydration mechanism and optimal mix proportions of granulated blast-furnace slag/fly ash based geopolymers
Source abstract
Abstract
Cement production and usage results in excessive carbon dioxide emissions and depletion of non-renewable resources. In this study, a granulated blast-furnace slag/fly ash based geopolymer (GFBG) system was developed using alkaline activation technology. The effect of the relative proportions of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) and fly ash (FA) on setting time and flowability was investigated. Subsequently, the effects of the mass fraction of sodium oxide (MFSO), water glass modulus (WGM) and water/binder (w/b) ratio on compressive strength were analysed, and the response surface method was used to optimise the influencing factors. Finally, the hydration mechanism of GFBG was investigated under optimal conditions. The results showed that when the GBFS:FA ratio was 3:2, the flowability of fresh slurry was 171 mm and the final setting time was 32 min. For the same mix, when the w/b ratio was 0.450, the MFSO was 11.792 and the WGM was 1.206, the highest 28-day compressive strength was 51.48 MPa. The hydration of GFBG was basically completed in 7 days, and was accompanied by carbonisation. The hydration products were mainly sodium silicate aluminate hydrate (N-A-S-H) and cross-linked calcium silicate aluminate hydrate.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Environment and Architecture, , Shanghai, PR
Baosen (Shanghai) Environmental Engineering Co Ltd. , Shanghai, PR
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. ASTM · 2021
2. Early solidification/stabilization mechanism of heavy metals (Pb, Cr and Zn) in shell coal gasification fly ash based geopolymer10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149905 ↗
3. Modelling and optimization of gold mine tailings based geopolymer by using response surface method and its application in Pb2+ removal10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117766 ↗
4. Preparation, characterization, and rheological analysis of eco-friendly geopolymer grouting cementitious materials based on industrial solid wastes10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107451 ↗
5. Stabilization/solidification of heavy metals in kaolin/zeolite based geopolymers10.1016/j.minpro.2015.03.002 ↗
6. Research status of centrifugal granulation, physical heat recovery and resource utilization of blast furnace slags10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105220 ↗
7. Optimization of geotechnical characteristics of clayey soils using fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137488 ↗
8. Emerging energy-efficiency and CO2 emission-reduction technologies for cement and concrete production: a technical review10.1016/j.rser.2012.07.019 ↗
9. Characteristics and reactivity of ferronickel slag powder10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.038 ↗
10. The effects of lithium slag on microstructure and mechanical performance of metakaolin-based geopolymers designed by response surface method (RSM)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123950 ↗
11. Rheology, mechanics, microstructure and durability of low-carbon cementitious materials based on circulating fluidized bed fly ash: a comprehensive review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134688 ↗
12. Understanding the gel compatibility and thermal behavior of alkali activated class F fly ash/ladle slag: the underlying role of Ca availability10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107198 ↗
13. Fundamental understanding of the setting behaviour of the alkali activated binders based on ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123243 ↗
14. Synthesis and characterization of new acid-activated red mud-metakaolin geopolymers and comparison with their alkaline counterparts10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140492 ↗
15. Effect of preparation parameters on properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer activated by silica fume-sodium hydroxide alkaline blend10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104984 ↗
16. Efficiency enhancement and cost reduction in cement clinker production: a comprehensive energy and exergy analysis of a rotary kiln in Turkey10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102744 ↗
17. Review on energy conservation and emission reduction approaches for cement industry10.1016/j.envdev.2022.100767 ↗
18. Influence of internal and external factors on the fluidity of modified magnesium slag-based backfill materials10.1016/j.jece.2023.111867 ↗
19. Performance study and engineering application of grouting materials with a large content of solid waste10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125464 ↗
20. Multi-objective optimization of one-part geopolymer mortars adopting response surface method10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133772 ↗
21. Evaluation of self-compacting geopolymer concrete properties containing different waterglass solutions10.1016/j.scp.2024.101680 ↗
22. Effect of additives on the setting time and compressive strength of activated high-calcium fly ash-based geopolymers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135035 ↗
23. Action of redispersible vinyl acetate and versatate copolymer powder in cement mortar10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.060 ↗
24. Mechanical properties and hydration behaviour of circulating fluidised bed fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag-lime ecofriendly cementitious material10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133964 ↗
25. Workability, rheology, and geopolymerization of fly ash geopolymer: role of alkali content, modulus, and water–binder ratio10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130357 ↗
26. A review on fly ash high-value synthesis utilization and its prospect10.1016/j.gerr.2024.100062 ↗
27. Valorization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in low-carbon alkali-activated materials10.1016/j.cej.2024.153577 ↗
28. Preparation and application of the cement-free steel slag cementitious material10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.186 ↗
29. The multi-objective optimization and mix parameter evaluation of one-part alkali-activated grouting material10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141638 ↗
30. Synthesis of one-part geopolymers from alkaline-activated molybdenum tailings: mechanical properties and microstructural evolution10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141129 ↗
31. Synergistic utilization of blast furnace slag with other industrial solid wastes in cement and concrete industry: synergistic mechanisms, applications, and challenges10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100012 ↗
32. Fracture properties and microstructure formation of hardened alkali-activated slag/fly ash pastes10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106447 ↗
33. Workability and strength of ultra-high-performance concrete containing nano-Ca(OH)2-modified recycled fine aggregate
34. Effect of metakaolin and magnesium oxide on flexural strength of ultra-high performance concrete10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104582 ↗
35. Effect of hydration assemblage on the autogenous shrinkage of alkali-activated slag mortars10.1680/jmacr.22.00070 ↗
36. Improving the high temperature resistance of alkali-activated slag paste using municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106664 ↗
37. Geoenvironmental properties of a Cr(VI)-contaminated soil treated by alkali-activated GGBS under freeze-thaw cycles: insights into Cr species transformation and microscopic mechanism10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166450 ↗
38. Effect of alkali content on the high-temperature behavior of alkali-activated slag paste containing MSWI bottom ash
39. Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of slag-fly ash based geopolymer stabilized sand10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03279 ↗
40. Codisposal of landfill leachate concentrate and antimony mine soils using a one-part geopolymer system for cationic and anionic heavy metals immobilization10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132909 ↗
41. Synergistic gel formation in geopolymers of superior mechanical strength synthesized with volcanic ash and slag