Dielectric Engineering of PVDF‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators with α‐MoO ₃ Nanowire Nanofillers for Enhanced Energy Harvesting and Morse Code Signaling

Abstract In this study, a high‐performance, solution‐processed PVDF‐based TENG incorporating varying concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) of α ‐MoO ₃ nanowire (NW) fillers is reported. The inclusion of α ‐MoO ₃ NW, characterized by strong structural anisotropy, significantly enhances the dielectric properties and promotes improved dipole orientation within the PVDF matrix. These effects collectively lead to increased surface charge density, interfacial polarization, and enhanced β‐ phase crystallinity. The fabricated device, comprising tribopositive aluminum and a tribonegative MoO ₃ –PVDF composite membrane, achieves a 3.4 fold increase in output voltage for PVDF with 2 wt.% α‐ MoO ₃ loading compared to pristine PVDF, delivering a peak power density of 153.7 µW cm ⁻² under periodic contact–separation motion with applied force of 4N at a frequency of 4 Hz. Structural and dielectric analyses, including impedance spectroscopy, confirm the formation of strong interfacial coupling and the enhancement of the dielectric constant up to the percolation threshold. Beyond energy harvesting, the TENG exhibits high signal sensitivity and rapid response, enabling its integration into a real‐time Morse code communication system. By converting mechanical taps into distinct electrical pulses, the device effectively encodes and transmits messages, demonstrating its dual functionality in energy generation and low‐power human‐machine interfaces.