Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Piezoelectric Hybrid Generator for Unifying Wind and Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting with Stable Output Power

Abstract With the continuous advancement of smart grid technologies, monitoring sensors have become crucial for real‐time operational status assessment of transmission lines. To address the power supply challenges for wireless monitoring sensors, in this work, a hybrid triboelectric‐electromagnetic‐piezoelectric energy harvester is leveraged, leveraging synergistic transduction mechanisms, enabling simultaneous harvesting of alternating magnetic field energy around conductors and ambient wind energy. It is shown that under operational conditions of 1000 rpm rotation speed and 15 A line current, the maximum load power outputs reach 490.05 µW (triboelectric), 24.89 mW (electromagnetic), and 0.23 mW (piezoelectric), respectively. In addition, the outputs of the three power generation modules of the composite energy harvester are synergistically managed in conjunction with the LTC3588 energy management circuit. This enables a 100 µF capacitor to be charged to 11.8 V in 4 s and continuously drive the wireless temperature sensor. This energy harvesting solution effectively demonstrates the potential of hybrid micro‐energy harvesting technology in smart grid applications, providing a self‐powered paradigm for distributed monitoring systems.