Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Fe ₃ O ₄ and TiO ₂ on the Surface of Wood Sawdust for Flowthrough Antibiotic Removal

Abstract The structural diversity and complex chemical nature of antibiotics present significant challenges for their effective removal using conventional wastewater treatment processes. Traditional methods for removing antibiotics from water bodies are often limited by low efficiency and high energy consumption. Leveraging the distinct structural and functional properties of both wood and plant polyphenols, composite materials for water treatment can be developed through their synergistic integration. This approach not only provides a versatile substrate but also enhances interfacial functionalization via metal‐polyphenolic mediated self‐assembly of nanomaterials. Here, the nanomaterials (TiO ₂ and Fe ₃ O ₄ ) are encapsulated onto the surface of wood sawdust to fabricate a functionalized, wood‐based composite material (FeTi‐bioCap) for high‐efficiency antibiotic flowthrough removal. FeTi‐bioCap presents an excellent adsorption performance for ciprofloxacin (186.21 mg g ⁻¹ ), meanwhile demonstrating efficient removal. As the size of the separation column increases, the contact time between the adsorption sites on FeTi‐bioCap and the antibiotic increases, thereby significantly enhancing the removal efficiency of the antibiotic. This provides the possibility of extending FeTi‐bioCap to economic efficiency, stable/reliable, and scale‐up industrial integration. Importantly, this strategy not only efficiently removes antibiotics from flowing water but also is conducive to the high‐value utilization of biomass resources.