Advances in Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and its Composites: Pioneering Structures, Synthesis, and Quantum Capacitive Performance for Next‐Gen Supercapacitors

Abstract Molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) is a promising material for energy storage in supercapacitors (SC) due to its high surface area, layered structure, and excellent electrochemical properties. However, its practical application is limited by challenges such as low electrical conductivity, structural instability, and scalability issues. This review examines advancements in MoS ₂ ‐based supercapacitors, including strategies to enhance electrical conductivity through doping, hybridization, and composite formation. Structural stability and specific capacitance are improved via nanoscale engineering, interlayer spacing control, and hybrid designs. Scalability remains challenge, with synthesis methods like chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal processes requiring optimization for cost‐effectiveness and uniformity. The review also highlights the importance of understanding quantum capacitance and interfacial dynamics to optimize electrochemical performance at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Environmental and economic issues, particularly related to molybdenum extraction and recycling, emphasize the need for sustainable approaches, such as integrating bio‐derived carbon. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary strategy combining material science, electrochemical engineering, and quantum mechanics. This review provides critical insights for advancing MoS ₂ ‐based supercapacitors, paving the way for high‐performance, cost‐efficient, and sustainable energy storage solutions. It serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers aiming to address current challenges and drive progress toward the commercialization of next‐generation energy storage technologies.