A Low‐Cost Nano‐modified Substrate Integrating both Internal and External Light Extractors for Enhancing Light Out‐Coupling in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Low-cost nano-modified substrates integrating both internal and external light extractors are developed. Internal light extractors are constructed by wet-chemical etching of as-deposited aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), while external light extractors are built by coating a 4,40-bis(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)biphenyl (BTPE)-nanowire-based scattering film. With the integrated substrate, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit an impressive forward efficiency improvement of 1.6-fold and a total efficiency improvement of 2.2-fold. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.