journal article·2026-02Open access

Donor‐Substituted C(sp 3 )‐Bridged Phosphorus‐Heterotriangulenes as Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters

Maximilian Schöner, Angelina Jocic, Siegfried Harrer, Mahni Fatahi, Jonas Maurmann, Andrea Reule, Frank Rominger, Eli Zysman‐Colman, Milan Kivala

Advanced Optical Materials· Volume 14· Issue 7

Abstract

Abstract The selective threefold para ‐functionalization of the dimethylmethylene‐bridged phosphorus‐centered heterotriangulene is achieved via an iridium‐catalyzed borylation. Conversion of the borylated compound to the corresponding bromo derivative, followed by a Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling with aromatic amines, affords a series of donor‐acceptor fluorophores in which the central phosphoryl moiety acts as a moderate electron acceptor. The compounds exhibit an intense blue photoluminescence, which is characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic studies both in solution and in thin films, supported by density functional theory calculations, as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Especially, the carbazole‐substituted compounds show considerably narrower emission bands compared to previously reported triphenylphosphine oxide‐derived systems. These findings highlight the beneficial effect of the phosphorus‐centered heterotriangulene on the photophysical characteristics due to its increased rigidity imparted by the C(sp 3 )‐based bridging moieties.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds · Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry · Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Organic Chemistry Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife St Andrews KY16 9ST UK

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme · Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

References (69)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1021/cr040179m10.1021/cr040179m ↗
2. 10.1021/ar500084b10.1021/ar500084b ↗
3. 10.1039/C6TC00590J10.1039/C6TC00590J ↗
4. 10.1002/chem.20160000510.1002/chem.201600005 ↗
5. 10.1002/cphc.20170043810.1002/cphc.201700438 ↗
6. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b0063710.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00637 ↗
7. 10.1021/ja300171y10.1021/ja300171y ↗
8. 10.1039/C5CC03063C10.1039/C5CC03063C ↗
9. 10.1002/anie.20180975410.1002/anie.201809754 ↗
10. 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c0070710.1021/acs.accounts.2c00707 ↗
11. 10.1002/anie.20241020410.1002/anie.202410204 ↗
12. 10.1039/D4SC07106A10.1039/D4SC07106A ↗
13. 10.1002/chem.20170141210.1002/chem.201701412 ↗
14. 10.1002/chem.20200287210.1002/chem.202002872 ↗
15. 10.1002/chem.20190542910.1002/chem.201905429 ↗
16. 10.1002/anie.19900689110.1002/anie.199006891 ↗
17. 10.1002/ejoc.20240036810.1002/ejoc.202400368 ↗
18. 10.1021/ja962023c10.1021/ja962023c ↗
19. 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c0051110.1021/acs.accounts.0c00511 ↗
20. 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b0010510.1021/acs.orglett.6b00105 ↗
21. 10.1002/anie.20170124610.1002/anie.201701246 ↗
22. 10.1002/anie.20160596310.1002/anie.201605963 ↗
23. 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b0169110.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01691 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.cej.2020.12744510.1016/j.cej.2020.127445 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.10060410.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100604 ↗
26. 10.3389/fchem.2020.0065710.3389/fchem.2020.00657 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.10.01210.1016/j.tsf.2009.10.012 ↗
28. 10.1039/c0jm00846j10.1039/c0jm00846j ↗
29. 10.1021/cm301416n10.1021/cm301416n ↗
30. 10.1021/acsami.6b0104110.1021/acsami.6b01041 ↗
31. 10.1039/C5TC02726H10.1039/C5TC02726H ↗
32. 10.1021/ja507913u10.1021/ja507913u ↗
33. 10.1021/jo502401410.1021/jo5024014 ↗
34. 10.1002/chem.20110377410.1002/chem.201103774 ↗
35. Deposition numbers CCDC 2498806 (for 2) 2498807 (for 3) (for 4‐tCz) 2498809 (for 4‐MeOCz) and 2498810 (for 4‐DPA) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. The data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures.
36. 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01149-510.1016/S0009-2614(99)01149-5 ↗
37. 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00722-110.1016/0009-2614(96)00722-1 ↗
38. 10.1021/ct500957s10.1021/ct500957s ↗
39. 10.1039/D4DD00147H10.1039/D4DD00147H ↗
40. 10.1039/D4DD00147H10.1039/D4DD00147H ↗
41. 10.1002/jcc.2082310.1002/jcc.20823 ↗
42. 10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-510.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5 ↗
43. J.Stone Master Thesis Computer Science Department University of Missouri‐Rolla 1998.
44. 10.1109/MCSE.2007.5510.1109/MCSE.2007.55 ↗
45. 10.1186/1758-2946-3-3310.1186/1758-2946-3-33 ↗
46. 10.1186/1752-153X-2-510.1186/1752-153X-2-5 ↗
47. 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b0091510.1021/acs.jctc.6b00915 ↗
48. 10.1246/cl.19060110.1246/cl.190601 ↗
49. 10.1002/poc.402210.1002/poc.4022 ↗
50. 10.1002/adma.20100455410.1002/adma.201004554 ↗
51. 10.1021/ja00967a00610.1021/ja00967a006 ↗
52. 10.1021/ja01017a00410.1021/ja01017a004 ↗
53. 10.1021/jo00799a03410.1021/jo00799a034 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.00410.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.004 ↗
55. 10.1039/C7CC09612G10.1039/C7CC09612G ↗
56. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b0618710.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06187 ↗
57. 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c0820110.1021/acs.jpca.2c08201 ↗
58. 10.1021/jz502066v10.1021/jz502066v ↗
59. 10.1002/adma.20200391110.1002/adma.202003911 ↗
60. 10.1039/D1TC05696D10.1039/D1TC05696D ↗
61. 10.1039/D2TC05213J10.1039/D2TC05213J ↗
62. Silies T. · ChemPhotoChem · 2024 · 8
63. 10.3762/bjoc.15.24810.3762/bjoc.15.248 ↗
64. 10.1002/agt2.41610.1002/agt2.416 ↗
65. Chen G. · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2023 · 145 · 3151
66. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b0068910.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00689 ↗
67. 10.1002/anie.20220223210.1002/anie.202202232 ↗
68. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c0075510.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00755 ↗
69. 10.3389/fchem.2020.0042710.3389/fchem.2020.00427 ↗