Programmable 1D Light–Matter Interaction: Unlocking the Optical Potential of Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract Light stands out for its unparalleled versatility and capacity for remote control and interaction. Smart optical materials have emerged as a captivating subject of research due to their dynamic ability to respond to or display optical signals, paving the way for programmable and intelligent composites and systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a classical 1D system renowned for the extraordinary optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and quantum properties. Nevertheless, the full potential of CNTs as advanced 1D optical components in cutting‐edge technologies has yet to be fully explored, with most discussions focusing predominantly on their other remarkable properties. By leveraging the versatile properties of CNTs and the unique 1D architecture, researchers have been advancing CNT‐based optical materials, fibers, and systems in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in CNT‐based optical materials and technologies, with a strong emphasis on the programmable 1D light‐matter interaction based on CNTs’ distinct unit structure, designable macroscopic orientation, and tailorable composite functionality, propelling future innovation in this exciting direction.