Multiplane Holographic Display by 3D‐Printed Metasurface

Abstract Meta‐optics represents a revolutionary advance in science and technology, enabling miniaturized and multifunctional optical systems through unprecedented subwavelength‐level light control. Nanofabrication techniques such as electron beam and UV lithography are difficult to fabricate complex structures, but two‐photon polymerization‐based direct laser writing (TPP‐DLW) can provide a fast, low‐cost, mask‐free method to create complex subwavelength metasurfaces. Here, the visible‐light region holographic display metasurface is fabricated using this method. The multi‐plane display complex amplitude hologram is optimized through the gradient descent method, and high‐precision meta‐atom processing with variable height is achieved through the optimization of the TPP process. The TPP‐DLW method is extremely beneficial for studying and exploring the powerful high‐degree‐of‐freedom light field control capabilities of meta‐atoms. It is envisioned that the TPP‐DLW method is expected to enable the rapid manufacturing of 3D metasurfaces or multilayer metasurfaces with large‐area complex structures, which has great potential to promote disruptive changes in optical systems.