Angle‐ and Polarization‐Tolerant Metasurface Designs Based on the Aperiodic Tiling

Abstract Metasurfaces composed of subwavelength elements have garnered significant interest for their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves in unique ways. However, their optical properties are often highly sensitive to incident angles and polarization states, which can limit practical applications. While introducing random perturbations helps alleviate this issue, it can complicate both the design and fabrication processes. Instead, a new class of metasurface designs based on aperiodic tiling is proposed, specifically ‘Einstein’ tiling, which systematically enhances angle and polarization tolerance. This method, retroactively applicable to many scatterer designs in previously reported metasurfaces as well, applies a single scatterer design across the entire surface, introducing aperiodicity and orientational diversity through predefined placement rules. This approach simplifies optimization and production. Our prototype, designed for structural color applications, shows tolerance to incident angles up to 45 ° in both reflectance spectra and structural colors and accommodates arbitrary polarization states. The proposed metasurface maintains many of the advantages of periodic metasurfaces, such as easily designable colors and facile color mixing. This work highlights the potential of aperiodic metasurfaces for applications requiring robust performance under diverse lighting conditions, offering an interesting new route toward practical optical metasurfaces.