Arbitrary and Dynamic Poincaré Sphere Polarization Converter with a Time‐Varying Metasurface

Abstract Polarization control is paramount in tailoring light‐matter interactions; hence, its versatile manipulation plays an important role in science and technology. Metasurfaces have recently enacted diverse electromagnetic manipulations in polarization optics. However, they only support one or a few polarization functions in a single design. Here, an arbitrary and dynamic Poincaré sphere polarization converter to implement full‐polarization optics with a single time‐varying metasurface is demonstrated. As an exemplary demonstration, a metasurface loaded with electric‐driven components is experimentally realized. By applying two independent time‐varying sequences of bias voltages onto the metasurface, its reflection anisotropy can be altered at will, leading to the generation of arbitrary polarization located on the Poincaré sphere for both the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. This study proposes a novel approach to achieve versatile polarization optics and may find applications in quantum information, intelligent communication, and miniaturized optical systems.