journal article·2026-04Open access

Ultra‐Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuation for Minimally Invasive Neural Interfacing

Lawrence Coles, Joe G. Troughton, Alejandro Carnicer‐Lombarte, George G. Malliaras, Christopher M. Proctor

Advanced Materials Technologies· Volume 11· Issue 7

Abstract

ABSTRACT Soft‐robotic fluidic actuation allows dynamic control of the shape and position of ultra‐flexible bioelectronic implants inside the body. While several actuation approaches have been proposed, all face significant limitations preventing clinical translation. Here, the use of laser‐based fabrication techniques for selective welding of Parylene C to create fluidic actuation chambers capable of withstanding high pressures over repeated actuations is explored. The ultra‐thin Parylene C fluidic chamber design with an electrode array for peripheral nerve interfacing is integrated, serving as a proof‐of‐concept for Parylene C‐only fluidic actuation. Through thermoforming, it is molds Parylene C into a cuff which straightens and stiffens under fluidic pressure to aid implantation, before wrapping around the nerve bundle during depressurization. This is demonstrated on the sciatic nerve of a rodent model, achieving good electrophysiological recording resolution due to the conformal wrapping of the cuff. With the development of ultra‐thin Parylene C based fluidic systems, it is aimed to push the boundaries of bioelectronic systems, offering new possibilities for monolithically integrated, minimally invasive interfacing.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Soft Robotics and Applications · Dielectric materials and actuators

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

Institute of Biomedical Engineering Engineering Science Department University of Oxford Oxford UK

Funding

Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust · Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council · National Institute for Health and Care Research

References (56)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.4103/1673-5374.38962710.4103/1673-5374.389627 ↗
2. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Treatment of Depression: To the Brainstem and Beyond
3. 10.4103/2152-7806.9161010.4103/2152-7806.91610 ↗
4. Sacral Nerve Stimulation for the Management of Voiding Dysfunction
5. 10.2214/AJR.14.1427010.2214/AJR.14.14270 ↗
6. 10.2478/jtim-2023-008610.2478/jtim-2023-0086 ↗
7. 10.1186/1475-925X-11-3310.1186/1475-925X-11-33 ↗
8. 10.1186/s12984-020-00667-510.1186/s12984-020-00667-5 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.10860210.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108602 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.bios.2010.05.01010.1016/j.bios.2010.05.010 ↗
11. Mechanical Matching of Implant to Host Minimises Foreign Body Reaction
12. 10.1007/s41315-019-00086-310.1007/s41315-019-00086-3 ↗
13. 10.1017/S031716710004733810.1017/S0317167100047338 ↗
14. Rice K. S. · 2023 · 91
15. 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.11.02210.1016/j.jhsa.2022.11.022 ↗
16. 10.1093/neuonc/noz15310.1093/neuonc/noz153 ↗
17. 10.1021/acsami.2c1580810.1021/acsami.2c15808 ↗
18. 10.3389/fbioe.2021.62252410.3389/fbioe.2021.622524 ↗
19. 10.1126/scirobotics.aax704310.1126/scirobotics.aax7043 ↗
20. 10.1126/sciadv.aaw106610.1126/sciadv.aaw1066 ↗
21. 10.1126/sciadv.abg783310.1126/sciadv.abg7833 ↗
22. 10.1126/scirobotics.add100210.1126/scirobotics.add1002 ↗
23. 10.1038/s41563-024-01886-010.1038/s41563-024-01886-0 ↗
24. 10.1038/s41467-019-10418-310.1038/s41467-019-10418-3 ↗
25. 10.1002/adhm.20220162710.1002/adhm.202201627 ↗
26. 10.1002/adma.20221020610.1002/adma.202210206 ↗
27. 10.1002/adma.20241732510.1002/adma.202417325 ↗
28. 10.1371/journal.pone.022025810.1371/journal.pone.0220258 ↗
29. 10.1002/adma.20240994210.1002/adma.202409942 ↗
30. 10.1038/s41598-018-34566-610.1038/s41598-018-34566-6 ↗
31. 10.1002/adma.20240589210.1002/adma.202405892 ↗
32. 10.1063/5.025503210.1063/5.0255032 ↗
33. Laser Micromachining for Bioelectronics: Past, Present, and Future
34. 10.1002/adhm.20190095110.1002/adhm.201900951 ↗
35. 10.1109/JMEMS.2018.288190810.1109/JMEMS.2018.2881908 ↗
36. 10.1038/s41467-024-51988-110.1038/s41467-024-51988-1 ↗
37. 10.3390/mi909042210.3390/mi9090422 ↗
38. 10.1002/anbr.20230010210.1002/anbr.202300102 ↗
39. 10.1007/s44174-022-00057-610.1007/s44174-022-00057-6 ↗
40. 10.1088/2058-8585/ab63a110.1088/2058-8585/ab63a1 ↗
41. M.Mueller C.Boehler J.Jaeger M.Asplund andT.Stieglitz “A Double‐Sided Fabrication Process for Intrafascicular Parylene C Based Electrode Arrays ” in2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)(2016) 2798–2801.10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591311 ↗
42. 10.1088/1741-2552/aa7eea10.1088/1741-2552/aa7eea ↗
43. F.Kohler M.Schuettler andT.Stieglitz “Parylene‐Coated Metal Tracks for Neural Electrode Arrays ‐ Fabrication Approaches and Improvements Utilizing Different Laser Systems ” in2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(2012) 5133.10.1109/EMBC.2012.6347148 ↗
44. C.Henle C.Hassler F.Kohler M.Schuettler andT.Stieglitz “Mechanical Characterization of Neural Electrodes based on PDMS‐Parylene C‐PDMS Sandwiched System ” in2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(2011) 640–643.10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090142 ↗
45. 10.1088/0960-1317/24/6/06500310.1088/0960-1317/24/6/065003 ↗
46. B. J.Kim B.Chen M.Gupta andE.Meng “Three Dimensional Transformation of Parylene Thin Film Structures via Thermoforming ” in2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)(2013) 339–342.10.1109/MEMSYS.2013.6474247 ↗
47. 10.1088/1361-6439/acdc3310.1088/1361-6439/acdc33 ↗
48. 10.3389/fmech.2015.0001010.3389/fmech.2015.00010 ↗
49. 10.3389/fncel.2022.79820310.3389/fncel.2022.798203 ↗
50. 10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.12710.1016/j.snb.2016.09.127 ↗
51. 10.1538/expanim.14-005010.1538/expanim.14-0050 ↗
52. 10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/02510.1088/0960-1317/14/4/025 ↗
53. 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.85910210.1109/JMEMS.2005.859102 ↗
54. 10.1038/s41467-024-50597-210.1038/s41467-024-50597-2 ↗
55. 10.1016/S0363-5023(81)80003-210.1016/S0363-5023(81)80003-2 ↗
56. 10.1002/adfm.20220888110.1002/adfm.202208881 ↗