Enzymatic Bioluminescence Modulation with an ATP Synthase Integrated Biotransducer

Abstract Ion carriers play an important role in biology in terms of control of a biological system, whereas electron carriers are key to engineered systems. Therefore, a biodevice requires an electron–ion coupling mechanism that can transmit an ion signal from a device to a biological system via an external voltage. In this study, a protonic biodevice is demonstrated that translates the proton signals from the device into an enzyme cascade by means of an ATP synthase and bioluminescent luciferase. The proton signals can be modulated through the applied potential to a sulfonated polyaniline biotransducer, with such protonic modulation controlling ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase membrane, followed by bioluminescence in the luciferin–luciferase reaction. The present electron–proton‐transportation platform provides a new means of controlling biological cascade reactions, with proton signals mediated by an external voltage.