Smart Closed‐Loop Systems in Personalized Healthcare: Advances and Outlook

ABSTRACT Smart textiles represent a revolutionary frontier in healthcare, seamlessly blending fabric and advanced technologies to create innovative solutions. Recent advances in materials science and electronics have given rise to a variety of electronic textile (e‐textile) components, including sensors, therapeutics, energy harvesters, storage units, and antennas on flexible and breathable textiles. However, the integration of these elements into a closed‐loop system capable of providing a self‐reliant textile system for healthcare remains an ongoing challenge. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the recent advances in the development of textile materials and the fabrication techniques used in e‐textile development. We delved into textile‐based flexible electronics designed for diagnosis and therapeutic devices tailored for medical treatment, emphasizing their working mechanisms, representative materials, and clinical application scenarios. Subsequently, we went through the control system for e‐textile devices for real‐time monitoring and feedback. Additionally, we provided insight into the energy harvesters and storage units embedded within e‐textiles, coupled with the communication techniques fundamental to integrated textile platforms. This review also discussed and suggested the challenges and future directions of e‐textiles. Fueled by advances in chemistry and materials science, textile‐based diagnostic devices, therapeutic devices, energy harvesters, storage devices, and communication units were expected to interact synergistically to construct closed‐loop intelligent, wearable point‐of‐care textile platforms, envisioning a transformative future for healthcare systems in the era of the Internet of Things.