Experimental Demonstration of an Extreme Subwavelength Nanomagnetic Acoustic Antenna Actuated by Spin–Orbit Torque from a Heavy Metal Nanostrip

Abstract A novel on‐chip extreme subwavelength “acoustic antenna” whose radiation efficiency is ≈50 times larger than the theoretical limit for a resonantly driven antenna is demonstrated. The antenna is composed of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate. The nanomagnets are partially in contact with a heavy metal (Pt) nanostrip. Passage of alternating current through the nanostrip exerts alternating spin–orbit torque on the nanomagnets and periodically rotates their magnetizations. During the rotation, the magnetostrictive nanomagnets expand and contract, thereby setting up alternating tensile and compressive strain in the piezoelectric substrate underneath. This leads to the generation of a surface acoustic wave in the substrate and makes the nanomagnet assembly act as an acoustic antenna. The measured radiation efficiency of this acoustic antenna at the detected frequency is ≈1%, while the wavelength to antenna dimension ratio is ≈67:1. For a standard antenna driven at acoustic resonance, the efficiency would have been limited to ≈(1/67)² = 0.02%. It became possible to beat that limit (by ≈50 times) via actuating the antenna not at acoustic resonance, but by using a completely different mechanism involving spin–orbit torque originating from the giant spin Hall effect in Pt.