Soft Iontronics for Neuromorphic Vision: From Biological Mechanisms to Bio‐Integrated Applications

ABSTRACT Artificial vision systems play an important role in machine vision and artificial visual prostheses. Drawing inspiration from biological neural systems, neuromorphic devices have emerged as a promising platform for bio‐inspired vision systems, providing unprecedented opportunities to address the limitations of traditional von Neumann architecture by integrating sensing, memory, and computation into a single unit, enabling high efficiency. Despite the fast growth of electronic neuromorphic devices, iontronic neuromorphic devices have demonstrated great potential in processing dynamic visual tasks. By emulating biological ion transport and synaptic signal transmission, they offer inherent biomimicry, low power consumption, and excellent compatibility with soft tissues. This review first analyzes the fundamental working mechanisms of biological vision systems, with a particular focus on ion‐mediated signal transduction across cellular membranes and synapses, which form the theoretical basis for ion‐based neuromorphic devices. We then delve into the working principles of ionic devices in simulating biological vision, theoretically demonstrating the feasibility of constructing neuromorphic visual systems using ionic devices. Next, the review highlights cutting‐edge applications in neuromorphic visual perception and bio‐integrated visual systems based on soft iontronics. By bridging material innovation and biomimetic engineering, soft iontronics provides a roadmap toward energy‐efficient, biocompatible vision systems that harmonize artificial and biological intelligence.