Complex‐Amplitude Programmable Transmissive Metasurface Empowering High‐Fidelity Holographic Imaging

Abstract To generate the high‐fidelity holographic images in real‐time, a design strategy for a programmable complex‐amplitude metasurface (MS) is proposed in this paper. Inspired by orthogonal polarization grids, the innovative unit cell independently and simultaneously controls the amplitude and phase of the cross‐polarized component. Topology optimization is achieved through analysis of the current distribution, proportion of metallic patches, and parameter sweep, so that the resonant cavity‐like microstructure ensures a broad transmissive amplitude modulation range of 0.15 to 0.8. Besides, a wideband 2π phase coverage is achieved ranging from 7 to 10 GHz. The metasurface demonstrates remarkable capability in achieving arbitrary and high‐fidelity holographic imaging, achieving an average signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 14.3 dB and an imaging efficiency exceeding 60%. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the programmable MS is capable of reconstructing 3D images and certain information encryption. Experimental results align well with simulated data, validating its feasibility to customize arbitrary holographic images. The design strategy provides a versatile platform for near‐field manipulation, showcasing potential applications in holographic communication, smart imaging systems, and secure data transfer and encryption in the 6G era.