Flexible Gold‐Modified MoSe ₂ Nanowhiskers: A High‐Performance Electrochemical Platform for Non‐Enzymatic Dopamine Detection

ABSTRACT Flexible and electrochemical sensors are highly desirable for next‐generation biomedical monitoring. Here, we present gold‐modified MoSe2 nanowhiskers as a robust platform for non‐enzymatic detection of Dopamine (DA). Controlled modification of MoSe ₂ with gold nanoparticles (0.5–4 wt.% Au) enhanced charge‐transfer kinetics, while the nanowhisker morphology provided high surface area with abundant active sites for DA adsorption. Comprehensive characterization (XRD, Raman, FESEM, EDX, and XPS) confirmed the structural and electronic properties of the synthesized materials. Flexible electrodes fabricated on ITO‐PET substrates were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), where the 2 wt.% Au modified‐MoSe ₂ electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance. The sensor achieved two broad linear detection ranges (10 n m –0.4 µ m and 0.4–1.5 µ m ) with high sensitivities of 1012.81 ± 21.16 µA.µ m ⁻¹ .cm ⁻² ( R ² ≈ 0.99) and 292.52 ± 21.02 µA.µ m ⁻¹ .cm ⁻² ( R ² ≈ 0.95), respectively. Further, the sensor demonstrated low limit of detection (LOD) of 14 n m and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 47 n m . It also showed good response toward DA with minimal interference, excellent reproducibility, long‐term stability, and mechanical flexibility under bending and temperature variations. These results highlight Au‐modified MoSe ₂ nanowhiskers as a promising candidate for wearable and reliable electrochemical biosensing of neurotransmitters in early disease diagnostics.