Rotation‐To‐Translation Enabled Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wind Harvesting and Sensing

Abstract Disc and cylinder‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have great potential for harvesting wind energy. However, a significant challenge faced by these TENGs is the wear issues arising from the required close contact between tribo‐materials, especially at high frequencies. In response to this challenge, a gear‐slider TENG (GS‐TENG) is designed to transition from continuous close‐contact friction mode to intermittent contact. Working in unison with the central gear and two sliders, four units housed within GS‐TENG yield electrical output through periodic contact and separation. During a durability test of 845 000 cycles, the short‐circuit current only experiences a slight decrease, going from 25.38 to 24.03 µA, retaining 94.68% of its initial value. Operating at a matched impedance of 6 MΩ, GS‐TENG at M1 achieves a peak power density of 386 mW m⁻², exceeding some previously proposed solutions in wind harvesting. When integrated into a wind speed sensing system, the GS‐TENG has a wide sensing range (13.1 to 28 m s⁻¹) with a maximum error of 3.39%. This work demonstrates a rotation‐to‐translation strategy that lays the foundation for long‐term, high‐frequency wind energy harvesting and the development of a self‐powered wind sensing system.