Recent Advances in Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Sensors for Glaucoma Prevention and Therapeutic Management

Abstract Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness globally, frequently results in irreversible vision loss. The unique anatomical structure and dynamic physiological characteristics of the human eye pose significant challenges for early diagnosis and therapeutic management of glaucoma. Smart intraocular pressure (IOP) sensors capable of continuous monitoring are critical for enabling real‐time IOP tracking, a capability unattainable by conventional tonometry devices. However, to meet clinical ophthalmic requirements, sensor designs must prioritize continuous, non‐invasive, high‐precision, miniaturized, and high‐transparency characteristics. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and structural designs of diverse IOP sensors is essential. This review summarizes recent advances in IOP sensors by categorizing them into wearable and implantable devices. Their operating principles, structural designs, and sensing performance are systematically evaluated. Furthermore, the advantages and potential risks of these sensors are thoroughly analyzed to guide the development of next‐generation IOP monitoring technologies.