Bioengineered Models of Nerve Regeneration

Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries often result in incomplete regeneration and significant functional impairments, necessitating innovative approaches for effective repair. This review explores recent advancements in bioengineered in vitro models with the potential to aid in the development of peripheral nerve regeneration therapies; while, reducing reliance on animal models. The potential of 2D and 3D bioengineered platforms ranging from patterned cell cultures and hydrogels to fibrous scaffolds and microfluidic systems is critically assessed, highlighting how these systems replicate the complex cellular and biochemical environments essential for nerve repair. In addition, the challenges associated with these models, such as balancing complexity with throughput, and the need for scalable solutions that can be translated into clinical settings are discussed. Finally, future perspectives on the field are provided, advocating for the use of advanced technologies to develop next‐generation nerve repair models with enhanced precision and clinical applicability.