Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electrocatalyst for Designing Robust Glucose Biosensors

Abstract 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbo‐nitrides, known as MXenes, have emerged as a versatile class of nanomaterials. MXenes are hailed as remedies to a plethora of global problems. Some of the remarkable ideal properties of MXenes that can transcend the boundaries of current technology, particularly in the field of sensors, include metal‐like high electrical conductivity, quantum confinement effects, electro‐optic properties, large surface area, ease of functionalization, and surface modifications. This review highlights current breakthroughs in fundamental knowledge, synthesis, and attributes of MXene‐based materials for glucose biosensing applications. The effects of various secondary inorganic and organic compounds, such as polymers, carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides, and metallic nanoparticles on the biosensing performance of the MXenes, analyzed through electrochemical, optical, and noninvasive techniques, toward glucose have been investigated and reviewed. The primary purpose of this review article is thus to give an up‐to‐date critical analysis of MXene composite‐based glucose biosensors, as well as recent achievements and challenges in the synthesis, fabrication of related devices, and novel biosensing approaches. Lastly, the current research challenges and future research potential for MXenes in electrochemical glucose sensing are also addressed.