Enhancing Triboelectric Performance Through 2D Nanofillers (MXene, hBN, rGO) in PVDF Nanofiber for Self‐Powered Sensing

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy harvesting and health monitoring applications. This study unveils a promising TENG device based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers (PVDF NF) incorporated with 2D nanofillers, MXene (Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x ) synthesized by HF etching, hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (hBNNs) synthesized by liquid phase exfoliation method, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization confirms successful integration of these nanomaterials within the PVDF matrix. Utilizing these materials, the TENG device is assembled and optimized through triboelectric layer and substrate variations, which reveals a standout combination: PVDF‐MXene/indium tin oxide‐coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO‐PET) paired with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), achieving superior electrical outputs Voc = 80 V, current density = 250 nA cm ^{− 2} , charge density = 5 nC cm ⁻² , and power density = 22 mW m ⁻² at 6 MΩ. Along with that, a pressure sensor prototype is also fabricated which demonstrates force dependent sensitivity. Furthermore, the real‐time monitoring of wrist pulse pressure sensing demonstrates a subtle increase in current density output up to 2 and 14 nA cm ⁻² for deep breathing and running conditions. The present study provides a foundational framework for next‐generation energy harvesting devices and self‐powered wearable sensors for health monitoring.