Progress toward low-cost titanium

Although titanium has impressive mechanical and corrosion properties, designers and engineers simply do not think of it as a cost-effective, viable alternative to aluminum and steel. Moreover, the history and use of titanium have been solidly wedded to the aerospace industry. This explains why titanium's price rises and falls cyclically with the demand for civilian and military aircraft. Although the titanium industry is temporarily depressed, developing prospects may offer reason for optimism: several non-aerospace industries are interested in using titanium. Unfortunately, the decision makers in these industries are more than cautious, remembering titanium's reputation for down today, up tomorrow seesaw prices. The US Army and Navy are two of the new and potentially large customers for titanium. Lessons from the recent conflict in Panama and the Gulf War have spurred interest in the development of lighter, more efficient, more maneuverable vehicles and artillery. Other promising nonmilitary, non-aerospace applications include suspension springs and engine parts for cars and trucks, marine and offshore oil-rig components that currently are made of stainless steels and nickel-base alloys, and piping and reactor parts for the pulp-and-paper and chemical processing industries. Existing markets, such as tubing for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, are expected to grow. For themore » future, the Bureau of Mines - in cooperation with the US Army Tank/Automotive Command, Warren, Michigan, and other government and industry organizations - is planning a comprehensive, five-year program on low-cost titanium that will consist of several projects that seek not only to further reduce costs, but to improve ballistic protection and other mechanical and wear properties.« less