journal article·2024-12Open access

Factors Shaping the Morphology in Sol‐Gel Derived Mesoporous Zinc Titanate Films: Unveiling the Role of Precursor Competition and Concentration

Yanan Li, Nian Li, Constantin Harder, Shanshan Yin, Yusuf Bulut, Apostolos Vagias, Peter M. Schneider, Wei Chen, Stephan V. Roth, Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka, Peter Müller‐Buschbaum

Advanced Materials Interfaces· Volume 11· Issue 34

Abstract

Abstract Zinc titanate films with mesoporous structures have widespread applications ranging from sensors to supercapacitors and bio‐devices owing to their photoelectric properties and specific surface area. The present work investigates the morphology of mesoporous zinc titanate films obtained by calcination of hybrid thin films containing polymer templates and precursor mixtures of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). ZnO and TiO2 films are fabricated for reference. The influences of hydrochloric acid contents (HCl), the ratios of ZAD and TTIP, and the solution concentrations on the film morphologies are studied. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene‐block‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐b‐PEO), plays the role of a structure directing template, as it self‐assembles into micelles in a solvent‐acid mixture of N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and HCl. Thin films are prepared with spin‐coating and subsequent calcination. Adjusting the ratio of TTIP and ZAD leads to the structure evolution from order to disorder in a film. It depends on the hydrolysis and condensation processes of the precursors, providing different time‐to‐growth processes to control the film morphologies. An increase in solution concentration enhances the surface coverage. As probed with grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, the inner structures are larger than the surface structures seen in scanning electron microscopy.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · ZnO doping and properties · Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

TUM School of Natural Sciences Department of Physics Chair for Functional Materials Technical University of Munich James‐Franck‐Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany

School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610106 China

Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany

School of Mathematics and Physics Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 China

Institut Laue‐Langevin 6 rue Jules Horowitz Grenoble 38000 France

TUM School of Natural Sciences Department of Physics Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James‐Franck‐Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, and College of Engineering Physics Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China

Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 Stockholm SE‐100 44 Sweden

Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft · China Scholarship Council · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program

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