Amplification of Chiral Raman Scattering: A Review of Resonance Raman Optical Activity and Surface Enhanced Raman Optical Activity

Abstract Raman Optical Activity (ROA) is a specialized form of Raman scattering that offers unique insights into chiral and stereochemical properties of molecules, bio‐molecules, nanoclusters, and nanostructures, even though chiral molecules usually have extremely weak ROA signals. By measuring the differential intensities of Raman scattering associated with right‐handed and left‐handed circularly polarized incident or scattering, ROA incisively provides critical stereochemical information across various fields, including biology, chemistry, and material science, with particular emphasis on analyzing protein conformation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the historical development and fundamental principles of ROA, tracing its evolution from a niche technique to a powerful tool in chiroptical spectroscopies. The current limitations are discussed in both experimental measurements and theoretical modeling of ROA. Importantly, the cutting‐edge methods aimed at amplifying ROA signals and sensitivity is highlighted by means of resonance and surface‐enhanced approaches. Looking ahead, potential applications of modern technologies are explored, such as “superchiral near‐field” techniques, “lab‐on‐a‐chip” platform, and deep machine‐learning methods that have already been successfully applied in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, to extend the working range of ROA spectroscopies through amplifying ROA signals and detection sensitivity.