A perspective on the statistical mechanics of 2D materials

Abstract 2D materials are fascinating for numerous reasons. Their geometrical and mechanical characteristics along with other associated physical properties have opened up fascinating new application avenues ranging from electronics, energy harvesting, biological systems among others. Due to the 2D nature of these materials, they are known for their unusual flexibility and the ability to sustain large curvature deformations. Further, they undergo noticeable thermal fluctuations at room temperature. In this perspective, we highlight both the characteristics and implications of thermal fluctuations in 2D materials and discuss current challenges in the context of statistical mechanics of fluid and solid membranes.