Electric Field Directed Construction of Diodes Using Free-standing Three-dimensional Component

Spatially coupled bipolar electrochemistry(SCBE) is a novel technique for the formation of electrical connections between isolated metal components. When a voltage difference is applied across the platinum electrodes, the components become polarized, and copper electrodissolves from the right copper ring (see Figure), and the ions migrate to the silicon chip, where the copper electroplates in the form of a wire (see Cover).